【正文】
Implications for pesticide use in countries exporting agricultural produce在農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口國(guó)家使用農(nóng)藥 蘊(yùn)含的問(wèn)題,30,General trends 總體方向,Characteristics of tomorrows products 將來(lái)產(chǎn)品的特性 selective, pestspecific (limited damage to beneficials) 有選擇性的,防治特定目標(biāo)的 (限制對(duì)有益生物的危害) low acute human toxicity 對(duì)人類(lèi)的急性毒性低 no long term health effects 沒(méi)有長(zhǎng)期的健康影響 degrade into innocuous components 降解成無(wú)毒的成分,31,Tomorrow’s products Are these more expensive? 未來(lái)的產(chǎn)品會(huì)更貴嗎?,Relative costs Direct Indirect 相關(guān)的費(fèi)用 直接的 間接的 Old products 老產(chǎn)品 Low低 High低 New products新產(chǎn)品 High高 Low高 Indirect costs include:間接的費(fèi)用包括 cost for PPE:個(gè)人防護(hù)裝備的費(fèi)用 health costs 健康費(fèi)用 costs associated with water contamination 和水污染有關(guān)的費(fèi)用,32,Tomorrow’s products Are these more expensive? 未來(lái)的產(chǎn)品會(huì)更貴嗎?,So, newer, less hazardous products Tend to be more expensive for the user Tend to involve less costs for the public Regulation serves to minimize public cost 于是,新的、毒性更低的產(chǎn)品 趨向于對(duì)使用者來(lái)說(shuō)更貴 而對(duì)公眾來(lái)說(shuō),涉及的費(fèi)用會(huì)更低 管理的目的就是降低公眾的費(fèi)用,33,Thank You 謝 謝,34,樹(shù)立質(zhì)量法制觀念、提高全員質(zhì)量意識(shí)。2024年10月下午1時(shí)42分24.10.2213:42October 22, 2024 作業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)記得牢,駕輕就熟除煩惱。24.10.2213:42:3613:42Oct2422Oct24 日復(fù)一日的努力只為成就美好的明天。24.10.2224.10.2213:4213:42:3613:42:36Oct24 相信命運(yùn),讓自己成長(zhǎng),慢慢的長(zhǎng)大。2024年10月22日星期二下午1時(shí)42分36秒13:42:3624.10.22 讓自己更加強(qiáng)大,更加專業(yè),這才能讓自己更好。2024年10月22日星期二1時(shí)42分36秒Tuesday, October 22, 2024 相信相信得力量。13:42:3613:42:3613:42Tuesday, October 22, 2024 安全在于心細(xì),事故出在麻痹。 In addition: Notification prior to export of banned or severely restricted products not listed in Annex III 另外:對(duì)于沒(méi)有列入附錄3的,禁止或嚴(yán)格限用的化學(xué)品的出口要在出口前發(fā)出出口通知。 Monitoring。,13,Code of Conduct Prohibition of highly hazardous products 行為守則 禁止高危害產(chǎn)品,Article 7: Availability and use 第7條:供應(yīng)與使用 7.5 Prohibition of the importation, sale and purchase of highly toxic and hazardous products, such as those included in WHO classes Ia and Ib, may be desirable if other control measures or good marketing practices are insufficient to ensure that the product can be handled with acceptable risk to the user. 如果其它控制措施或良好銷(xiāo)售慣例不足以確保處置產(chǎn)品對(duì)用戶的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以接受,則最好禁止進(jìn)口、出售和購(gòu)買(mǎi)劇毒和十分危險(xiǎn)的產(chǎn)品,如世界衛(wèi)生組織Ia和Ib類(lèi)(34)中所列的產(chǎn)品。 Aims to reduce risk目的是為了降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 (substandard, counterfeit and fake products)農(nóng)藥質(zhì)量-農(nóng)藥的非法貿(mào)易(質(zhì)量不合格和假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品),5,Regulatory control 農(nóng)藥管理,Serves to protect: 用于保護(hù) Agricultural production 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn) Farmers 農(nóng)民 Consumers 消費(fèi)者 Environment 環(huán)境 But also to protect: 同時(shí)也保護(hù) Interests of pesticide companies (fair competition)農(nóng)藥公司的利益(公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)) Access to international markets 進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì) Image as exporting country (national interest)出口國(guó)家的形象(國(guó)家利益),6,International Policy on Pesticide Management 與農(nóng)藥管理有關(guān)的國(guó)際政策,International instruments 指導(dǎo)文件 International Code of Conduct on Distribution and Use of Pesticides 《國(guó)際農(nóng)藥供銷(xiāo)與使用行為守則》 Rotterdam Convention (Prior Informed Consent) 《鹿特丹公約》(PIC公約) Stockholm Convention (Persistent Organic Pollutants) 《斯德哥爾摩公約 》(持久有機(jī)污染物) CODEX Alimentarius (pesticide residues) CODEX食品法典(農(nóng)藥殘留) International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 《國(guó)際植保公約》 ILO (Safety in the use of chemicals at work) 國(guó)際勞工組織(工作中使用化學(xué)品的安全性) Others: Montreal protocol, GHS, SAICM 其他:《蒙特利爾公約》, 全球協(xié)調(diào)體系(GH