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國(guó)際農(nóng)藥政策發(fā)展-agriculturalpestic(已修改)

2024-10-25 12:11 本頁(yè)面
 

【正文】 International Pesticide Policy Development 國(guó)際農(nóng)藥政策發(fā)展,Prepared for the HighLevel Forum on China Pesticide Development and Application 中國(guó)農(nóng)藥發(fā)展與應(yīng)用高層論壇 Shanghai, 1315 October 2008 上海, 2008年10月1315日 Harry van der Wulp Senior Policy Officer Plant Production and Protection Division Food and Agriculture Organization 高級(jí)政策官員 糧農(nóng)組織植物生產(chǎn)和保護(hù)部門,1,Outline of Presentation 報(bào)告摘要,Issues related to pesticides. 與農(nóng)藥有關(guān)的議題 Relevant International Policies – overview 相關(guān)的國(guó)際政策- 概述 3. Special attention for the International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides 對(duì)《國(guó)際農(nóng)藥供銷與使用行為守則》 特別的關(guān)注 Policy developments in key markets 主要市場(chǎng)的政策發(fā)展 5. General trends 總體發(fā)展方向,2,Global Market for Pesticides 國(guó)際農(nóng)藥市場(chǎng)(2007年,百萬(wàn)美元),Herbicides(除草劑) 16,115 Insecticides(殺蟲(chóng)劑) 8,016 Fungicides(殺菌機(jī)) 8,105 Other(其 他) 1,154 Total(共 計(jì)) 33,390 NAFTA(北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)) 7,507 Latin America(拉丁美洲) 6,170 Asia(亞洲) 7,815 Europe(歐洲) 10,568 Near East/Africa(非洲) 1,330,Source: CropLife (Phillips McDougall),2007 In $ Million,3,Benefits and Costs 收益與付出,People buy pesticides because of their benefits: crop protection vector control Governments regulate pesticides because they are toxic and pose risks (and costs) to: farmers, the public, the environment and trade. 人們購(gòu)買農(nóng)藥因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詮南旅鎯蓚€(gè)方面得益: 植物保護(hù) 細(xì)菌控制 政府管理農(nóng)藥因?yàn)樗鼈冇卸荆夷軐?duì)農(nóng)民、公眾、環(huán)境和貿(mào)易構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn),4,Concerns about pesticide use 有關(guān)農(nóng)藥使用的問(wèn)題,Agronomic risks related to inappropriate use (overuse, abuse, wrong use)和不正當(dāng)使用有關(guān)的農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(過(guò)度使用、濫用和錯(cuò)誤使用) Food safety and other public health risks (pesticide exposure。 pesticide residues)食品安全和其他公共健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn) (農(nóng)藥接觸、農(nóng)藥殘留) Environmental risks (water contamination, biodiversity)環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(水污染,生物多樣性) Market access Pesticide residue requirements are increasingly important in trade (Legal requirements and private GAP standards)市場(chǎng)接觸-在貿(mào)易中對(duì)農(nóng)藥殘留的要求越來(lái)越高(法律要求和GAP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) Pesticide quality Illegal trade in pesticides。 (substandard, counterfeit and fake products)農(nóng)藥質(zhì)量-農(nóng)藥的非法貿(mào)易(質(zhì)量不合格和假冒偽劣產(chǎn)品),5,Regulatory control 農(nóng)藥管理,Serves to protect: 用于保護(hù) Agricultural production 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn) Farmers 農(nóng)民 Consumers 消費(fèi)者 Environment 環(huán)境 But also to protect: 同時(shí)也保護(hù) Interests of pesticide companies (fair competition)農(nóng)藥公司的利益(公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)) Access to international markets 進(jìn)入國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的機(jī)會(huì) Image as exporting country (national interest)出口國(guó)家的形象(國(guó)家利益),6,International Policy on Pesticide Management 與農(nóng)藥管理有關(guān)的國(guó)際政策,International instruments 指導(dǎo)文件 International Code of Conduct on Distribution and Use of Pesticides 《國(guó)際農(nóng)藥供銷與使用行為守則》 Rotterdam Convention (Prior Informed Consent) 《鹿特丹公約》(PIC公約) Stockholm Convention (Persistent Organic Pollutants) 《斯德哥爾摩公約 》(持久有機(jī)污染物) CODEX Alimentarius (pesticide residues) CODEX食品法典(農(nóng)藥殘留) International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) 《國(guó)際植保公約》 ILO (Safety in the use of chemicals at work) 國(guó)際勞工組織(工作中使用化學(xué)品的安全性) Others: Montreal protocol, GHS, SAICM 其他:《蒙特利爾公約》, 全球協(xié)調(diào)體系(GHS),SAICM Trade requirements for agricultural produce與農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有關(guān)的貿(mào)易方面的要求 MRLs 最大殘留限量 GAP (public and private)良好農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)范( 公眾的或私人的),7,International Code of Conduct on the Distribu
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