【正文】 these particular audiences? Have we considered how much information they need, what doubts they are likely to have, how our proposal will benefit them, how to make our message convincing and memorable, and how our points can be anized most persuasively? Media Which medium will convey our message most effectively to each significant audience? Should we speak, write, call, send Email, meet, fax, produce videotape or hold a press conference? We all know that “the medium is the message”. What message will our choice of medium convey? Sending a memo to an office mate, for example, may express an unwillingness to talk face to face. Feedback Communication is not an act, but a process. A message provokes a response, which requires another message. The business municator doesn?t shoot an arrow at a target, but sets a process in motion designed to achieve a considered result. This means polling our audience at every stage of the munication and, more importantly, giving them an opportunity to respond. That way, we know what they think and can tailor our message accordingly with the result that they are more likely to feel involved in the process and mitted to our goal. A mere brief consideration of these seven analytical tools will reveal that any business munication task is really a management task. Many munication situations happen to a manager rather than occur as planned events. Some of our key topics and goals may not be listed on any overt agenda. How can these 中國最大管理資源中心 realities be turned to advantage? Considering the source, audience, goal, context, message media, and feedback will provide us with an economical framework for introspection in any business situation, whether we are planning a broad strategy or devising a particular munication effort. Using this checklist will ensure that by the time we actually engage in the munication process, we are executing a particular task in service of a larger vision — and are therefore more likely to succeed. The qualities of effective munication Once we have examined our position as the source of a munication, we want to ensure that each conversation, memo, phone call, Inter message, presentation, proposal, or report carries the maximum impact possible. Here we want to address the fundamental qualities shared by any effective source of business munication. We should also refer throughout the course to technical manuals on writing and speaking. Qualities to aim for, whenever we write or speak, include: Accuracy When we approach an audience, we are implicitly seeking trust. If even one member of our audience detects a factual error, we are in trouble. Inaccuracy, in business, takes several typical forms: insufficient data, misinterpretation of the data, ignorance of key factors, unconscious bias, and exaggeration. We should guard against them all to preserve and enhance our credibility. Clarity Clarity is a hard won. To function efficiently, an anization depends on accurate and plete information, intelligible instructions, and policies capable of guiding the decisionmakers in both routine and unexpected situations. Misunderstanding, ambiguity, and confusion cost money and make for frustration. Achieving clarity in business writing and speaking requires: Clarity of thinking If we haven?t thought through the rationale for our proposal, the plan of action to achieve it, and the possible consequences, then we can?t expect our audience to follow us. Most bad writing or speaking is the result of shoddy thinking or slapdash preparation. Clarity of expression Correctness, conforming to standard grammar and usage, is the baseline for effective munication。作者通過對(duì)“聽眾記憶曲線”的研究，闡述了整個(gè)溝通過程在聽眾記憶中所留下的印象，從而引導(dǎo)出兩大基本溝通策 略 — 直接法和間接法。 中國最大管理資源中心 Strategies of Business Writing for Effective Communication 1 Abstract Business munication, in short, is the process of transferring mercerelated information from someone who has it to someone who needs it, through the use of special forms and techniques designed to enhance the receiver?s prehension of and response to that information. Business writing, a useful means of business munication, is extremely important in the daily transactions of exchanging information, ideas and plans。第三章重點(diǎn)介紹直接法的具體內(nèi)容和它在“好消息”寫作和日常業(yè)務(wù)信函寫作中的廣泛應(yīng)用。 errors in diction or sentence structure will call into question our whole ability to manage information. But for many munications, individual linguistic correctness is not enough. To ensure clarity in instructions 中國最大管理資源中心 for routine procedures, or in policy statements, reports, persuasive presentations, and memos, we may have to discard many “correct” sentences before our language clearly conveys our meaning. If we find that we can?t write or say our message clearly, we need to reexamine the thinking that has led us to the position of our munication. Brevity Good business munications strive to be brief, to acplish much in few words. Brevity is a cardinal virtue whether our munication is going to the president, to a junior executive, or to hourly employees. Everyone?s time is valuable。 Gamble, legislate brevity。第四章與第三章互為補(bǔ)充 ,討論的是在交流壞消息時(shí)用到的間接法 ,與積極肯定的溝通和日常交流相比，拒絕對(duì)方需要更巧妙的語言技巧。 and making decisions, rules, proposals, contracts, agreements, etc. Strate gi e s appl ie d i n busine ss wri ti ng are of gre at si gni fi canc e to e ff ec ti ve munic ation. T he re fore, thi s thesi s starts f rom the i mportanc e of e ff ec ti ve munic ati on. T he f i rst c hapte r ex pl ai ns the de fi nition of munic ati on and ef fe c ti ve munic ati on, the c omponents, the qual i ti es and pri nc i ple s, the si gnif ic ance ， and the mai n obstac le s of e ffe c ti ve c ommuni c ati on. C hapte r Two i s conc e rne d wi th me ssage strate gy i n busi ne ss wri ti ng. The study of the Audi ence Memory C urve re v