【正文】 o was suffered. insurance cover: According to the stipulations of the People39。因此，被告無須承擔(dān)本案的賠償責(zé)任。 5月 30日，收貨人三菱公司告知原告，小粒度金屬硅短少 2袋（每袋 1噸，每噸價(jià)值965美元）；大塊金屬硅短少 6袋（每袋 1噸，每噸價(jià)值 790美元）；水浸貨物損失 360美元。調(diào)查的結(jié)果顯示，柜號(hào)為CNCU286696 CNCU2558107兩個(gè)集裝箱封號(hào)與提單上的封號(hào)一致，明顯沒有被打開過的痕跡；在打開該兩個(gè)集裝箱時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)每個(gè)集裝箱中少兩包；此外， CNCU2866964號(hào)集裝箱中，有4包潮濕，經(jīng)對(duì)濕貨進(jìn)行化學(xué)測(cè)試，沒有鹽水成分；一包貨物可能在運(yùn)載前已濕，另外三包可能是被從頂板破縫漏進(jìn)來的水所濕。分別裝載于 6個(gè) 20英尺的集裝箱，每個(gè)集裝箱裝 20噸。 (2) In cases where the consignee does not receive the goods from the carrier, by placing them at the disposal of the consignee in accordance with the contract or with the law or with the usage of the particular trade, applicable at the port of discharge。 Place: port where goods was loaded on the board。 (7) Port of discharge。 ? July 2022 41st session of UNCITRAL approves final text of “Draft Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea” (the Rotterdam Rules) ? Draft convention approved earlier this month ? To replace the various rules – Hague Rules, HagueVisby Rules, Hamburg Rules and the Multimodal Convention ? Sufficient safeguards or danger of a return to ‘… a preHague Rules freeforall’? D. Maritime Code of the People39。目前，對(duì) 《 海牙規(guī)則 》 的修改存在兩個(gè)方案：一個(gè)是代表英國(guó)及北歐各傳統(tǒng)海運(yùn)國(guó)家提出的 《 維斯比規(guī)則 》 ，另一個(gè)是由聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)所屬國(guó)際航運(yùn)立法工作組提出的代表第三世界和貨方利益的漢堡規(guī)則，由于目前正處在新舊交替過程中，而這三個(gè)規(guī)則 在實(shí)際的海運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)中，分別為有關(guān)國(guó)家及其船公司所采用。承運(yùn)人在接受 B公司保函的情況下，簽發(fā)了提單。） ? 本案應(yīng)適用何國(guó)法律？ ? 記名提單是否具有物權(quán)憑證的功能？ ? 法院應(yīng)如何判決？ ? 我國(guó)海商法規(guī)定：提單，是指用以證明海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同和貨物已經(jīng)由承運(yùn)人接收或者裝船，以及承運(yùn)人保證據(jù)以交付貨物的單證。當(dāng)輪船抵達(dá)目的港時(shí)，遠(yuǎn)東面粉廠在收貨時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)貨物大部分受損，遂向法院提起訴訟。到達(dá)法國(guó)目的港卸貨短重 566噸。當(dāng)貨物抵達(dá)目的港時(shí)，浙江外貿(mào)公司以金利隆公司為被告，向杭州市中級(jí)人民法院起訴，要求被告依約履行提供該貨物義務(wù)。船長(zhǎng)簽發(fā)了兩張?zhí)釂?，載明每袋咖啡豆 60公斤，其表面狀況良好。而該輪未直駛倫敦，而是先駛向比利時(shí)的安特衛(wèi)普。 (3) and that there should be no unjustifiable deviation. Time Charterparties Under a time charterparty the charterer engages the use of a vessel for a stated period of time. The charterer normally pays hire monthly, and the shipowner will be entitled to withdraw the ship from the charterer39。 Transportation by air。Chapter 3 International Carriage of Goods by Sea 國(guó)際海上貨物運(yùn)輸法 167。 Transportation by sea。s use if a monthly installment is not paid promptly. The charterer has the right to direct the ship to proceed to wherever it is needed. The only limitation on this right is the charterer39。結(jié)果當(dāng)托運(yùn)人的桔子到達(dá)倫敦時(shí)，桔子的進(jìn)口關(guān)稅提高了，且由于其他桔子的大量到貨，使桔子的價(jià)格下降。貨到目的港卸貨后，發(fā)現(xiàn)其中 930袋有重量不足或松袋現(xiàn)象，經(jīng)過磅約短少 25％。法院根據(jù)浙江外貿(mào)公司的申請(qǐng)及擔(dān)保，查封扣押了前述提單項(xiàng)下的貨物。收貨人向上海遠(yuǎn)洋公司索賠 70多萬法郎。香港東昌航運(yùn)公司聲稱，提單上沒有背書轉(zhuǎn)讓給原告的事實(shí)記載，因而遠(yuǎn)東面粉廠不是該提單的合法持有人，也不是提單代表的貨物的合法所有人，不能對(duì)貨物的受損提出賠償要求。提單中載明的向記名人交付貨物，或者按照指示人的指示交付貨物，或者向提單持有人交付貨物的條款，構(gòu)成承運(yùn)人據(jù)以交付貨物的保證。依提單上載明的裝船日期預(yù)計(jì)船舶將于 2月 10日到達(dá)目的港，收貨人已安排好了一切接貨的工作，但該船卻于 2月 25日到達(dá)目的港，這時(shí)正趕上化肥的價(jià)格下跌，使 A公司在出售化肥時(shí)的價(jià)格大大下降，另一方面由于收貨人已為接貨做好了運(yùn)輸工具和倉庫的安排，化肥的延遲到港也造成收貨人在這方面的損失。 B. The HagueVisby Rules Ever since the Hague Rules came into force, many shippers especially smaller shippers from developing countries began to plain the Hague Rules about its excessive limitations to carrier39。s Republic of China Maritime Code of the People39。 (8) Place where the goods were taken over and the place where the goods are to be delivered in case of a multimodal transport bill of lading。 Date: date when the good was loaded。 (3) By handing over the goods to an authority or other third party to whom, pursuant to law or regulations applicable at the port of discharge, the goods must be handed over. basis of liability (1) The carrier is liable for loss resulting from loss of or damage to the goods, as well as from delay in delivery, if the occurrence which caused the loss, damage or delay took place while the goods were in his charge, unless the carrier proves that he, his servants or agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the occurrence and its consequences. (2) Delay in delivery occurs (a) when the goods have not been delivered at the port of discharge provided for in the contract of carriage by sea within the time expressly agreed upon or, (b) in the absence of such agreement, within the time which it would be reasonable to require of a diligent carrier, having regard to the circumstances of the case. (3) The carrier is liable (a) For loss of or damage to the goods or delay in delivery caused by fire, if the claimant proves that the fire arose from fault or neglect on the part of the carrier, his servants or agents。裝貨后由貨車司機(jī)關(guān)閉集裝箱門并加鉛封。 6月 25日三菱公司向原告索賠稱：合同 01DFE017及 01DFE009發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重短缺，產(chǎn)生了 7，895美元的索賠。三菱公司已向原告提出索賠。 五、有關(guān)提單的國(guó)際公約 （一） Hague Rules ? 1924年 8月 25日 《 統(tǒng)一提單若干法律規(guī)則的國(guó)際公約 》 ? 1931年 6月 2日生效 ? 16條 ? 我國(guó)吸收了一些規(guī)范 （二） Visby Rules ? 1968年 2月 23日 《 修改統(tǒng)一提單若干法律規(guī)則的國(guó)際公約議定書 》 ? 1977年 6月 23日生效 ? 修改范圍 ? 擴(kuò)大適用范圍 ? 提單對(duì)第三人的證據(jù)力 ? 責(zé)任限制 ? 訴訟時(shí)效 ? 核能損害責(zé)任 （三） Hamburg Rules ? 1978年 《 聯(lián)合國(guó)海上貨物運(yùn)輸公約 》 ? 1992年 11月 1日生效 ? 船貨雙方合理分擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 1 ? 適用范圍 ? 實(shí)際承運(yùn)人 ? 貨物的范圍 ? 清潔提單的概念 ? 管貨責(zé)任期間：接到交 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 2 ? 責(zé)任基礎(chǔ)的變化 ? 賠償金額的提高 ? 遲延交貨的賠償 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 3 ? 保函的意義 ? 索賠時(shí)效 ? 管轄權(quán)（法院選擇） 漢堡規(guī)則的內(nèi)容 4 ? 漢堡規(guī)則與海牙規(guī)則、維斯比規(guī)則之關(guān)系 Marine Cargo Insurance. definition: