【正文】 ersLeverage the strengths of each team member步驟三指派小組成員職掌充分運用各小組成員之長處Step 4Study the product / Process / ServiceAll team members work to familiarize themselves with the product, process, or service步驟四研究產(chǎn)品 / 流程 / 服務各小組成員致力于熟習產(chǎn)品, 流程, 或服務Step 5Develop rating scales for Severity, Occurrence, and Detection步驟五建立嚴重性, 發(fā)生機率, 與偵測能力的評比等級Quantifying failure modes, effects and causes量化失效模式, 影響, 與原因 Causes Failure Modes* Effects 原因 失效模式 影響 Occurrence Detection Severity 發(fā)生機率 偵測能力 嚴重性How severe?有多嚴重?Who has the most info?誰有較多的資訊?How easy to detect with current controls?現(xiàn)有的偵測能力有多好?Who has the most info?誰有較多的資訊?If prevented will effects be eliminated?預防措施是否可以消除影響?How frequent?多頻繁?Who has the most info?誰有較多的資訊?If eliminated, will failure be avoided?如果消除了發(fā)生機率, 失效是否可以避免?Failure Mode Effects AnalysisFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁, Rating ScalesFMEA分析, 評比等級 中國最大的資料庫下載Rating scales評比等級Example from Design FMEA設計FMEA舉例Severity 嚴重性Occurrence 發(fā)生機率Detection 偵測能力Effect 影響Cause 原因Failure mode or cause 失效模式或原因 1 No effect 無影響2 Minor effect fit/cosmetics 輕微影響 – 配合 / 外觀3 Major effect fit/cosmetics 嚴重影響– 配合 / 外觀4 Minor reduction in Function 功能稍受影響5 Customer dissatisfied 客戶不滿意6 Major reduction in function 功能大受影響7 Totally dysfunctional 功能完全不正常8 Presents minor hazard 形成輕微危險9 Presents injury hazard 造成受傷危險10 Fatal if used 造成致命危險1 Remote chance, 1ppm 微乎其微2 Very low 15 非常低3 Very low 510 非常低4 Moderate 10100 中等程度5 Moderate 1001K 中等程度6 High 1K10K 高度7 High 10K100K 高度8 Very High 100K1M 非常高9 Very High 1M 10M 非常高10 Almost certain 幾乎是必然會發(fā)生1 Certain to be detected 一定能偵測出2 Very high chance of detection 非常高的機會能偵測出3 high chance of detection 很高的機會能偵測出4 Moderately high chance of detection 中高程度的機會能偵測出5 Moderate chance of detection 中等程度的機會能偵測出6 Low chance of detection 低程度的機會能偵測出7 Very low chance of detection 非常低程度的機會能偵測出8 Remote chance of detection 微乎其微的機會能偵測出9 Very remote chance of detection 非常微乎其微的機會能偵測出10 Slips by undetected 無法偵測Rating scales評比等級FMEA。 逐步展開Failure Mode Effects Analysis, ContinuedFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁 Define the scope for the FMEA, cont.定義FMEA的范圍, 續(xù)前頁Step 10Decide on a threshold RPN, without ignoring high severity failure modes步驟十在不勿視高嚴重性失效模式項目前提之下決定RPN門坎10 Decide on a threshold RPN, without ignoring high severity failure modes在不勿視高嚴重性失效模式項目前提之下決定RPN門檻 Example using Pareto Chart:運用柏拉圖的舉例:FMEA。 Step by StepFMEA。 Step by StepFMEA。 Step by StepFMEA。 逐步展開Cumulative RPN Curve累計RPN曲線80% of Cumulative RPN80%累計RPNCumulative RPN累計RPNCauses原因Failure Mode Effects Analysis, ContinuedFMEA分析, 續(xù)前頁10 Decide on a threshold RPN, without ignoring high severity failure modes在不勿視高嚴重性失效模式項目前提之下決定RPN門檻 Example using RPN=200 for each failure mode:以RPN = 200作為失效模式門檻的舉例FMEA。 逐步展開5 Develop rating scales for Severity, Occurrence,and Detection Example from Process FMEA:Severity effect1 – No effect on operators, users, or current and down stream processes2 – Minor rework at current step / no dysfunction introduced in product3 – Rework at current / subsequent steps causing some delayed schedules, or product is rendered partially dysfunctional4 – Heavy rework at subsequent operation, major delays in schedules, or product function is severely impacted5 – Risk of injury or fatal Occurrence cause1 – Very rare occurrence, X00 ppb or once in 3 to 5 years2 – Rare occurrence, X to X000 ppm, 2 to 5 occurrences in 3 years3 – Frequent occurrence, X000 to X0,000 ppm, 1 to 3 occurrences in 1 year4 – High frequency of occurrence, X0,000 to XM ppm, over 4 occurrences per year5 – Almost certainDetection – failure mode (or cause in some cases) 1 – Certain to be detected, before any measurable damage is done2 – Automated inspection / detection or strong process controls exist at current step or within the system boundaries3 – Sampling plans used for inspection purposes4 – 100% manual inspection methods used within system boundaries 5 – Defect unlikely to be detected, will slip by unnoticed 5 建立嚴重性, 發(fā)生機率, 與偵測能力的評比等級流程FMEA舉例:嚴重性 – 影響1. 對作業(yè)員, 使用者, 或目前及下游作業(yè)無影響.2. 對該作業(yè)步驟輕微重工, 產(chǎn)品功能不受影響.3. 對該作業(yè) / 後續(xù)作業(yè)步驟重工而造成進度稍為落後, 或產(chǎn)品功能部份受影響.4. 對後續(xù)作業(yè)步驟施以重大重工, 造成進度嚴重落後, 或產(chǎn)品功能嚴重受影響.5. 有受傷或致命危險.發(fā)生機率 – 原因1. 發(fā)生機率非常罕見. 十億分之數(shù)百, 或三至五年發(fā)生一次.