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declaration報關(guān),export declaration出口申報,ine tax declaration個稅申報等。另一個意思是創(chuàng)設(shè),通常指權(quán)利的設(shè)定,如The effect of all this is that, on the creation and sale of the Bankers’ Acceptance, the Borrower receives a sum of money and, on the later maturity date, the Borrower pays back a slightly higher sum of money. 全部這種做法的效果在于,在設(shè)立和售出銀行承兌時,借方收到一筆錢款,而在以后的到期日,借方付還一筆略高的錢款?! onstrue 釋義:construe是法律英語中的重要單詞,意思是解釋,即對法律、合同等法律文件的內(nèi)容作出解釋,與interpret意思相同。 Composition 釋義:position在普通英語中的常見意思為作文,結(jié)構(gòu),在法律英語中的意思為和解協(xié)議,指指債務(wù)人與全部或至少相當一部分債權(quán)人達成的此類協(xié)議?! ircumstance 釋義:circumstance在普通英語中指環(huán)境,情景。如the agreement binds all the parties to it協(xié)議對各方均有約束力,bind sb. to do使某人負有做…事情的義務(wù)等。又如Without the prior, express written consent of the Principal, the Agent may not assign this Agreement to any other ,代理方不得將本協(xié)議轉(zhuǎn)讓給任何第三方。本法自2009年1月10生效。如“Affiliate” means any person or pany that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party,including a Party’s parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect mon control with such Party.“關(guān)聯(lián)公司”指直接或間接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或間接控制,或與該方共同受直接或間接控制的任何人或公司。 adopt 釋義:adopt的最常見含義是采用,通過,如adopt a law通過一項法律,adopt a proposal采納一個建議等,這種用法在法律英語中也較為常見?! ccord 釋義:accord在普通英語中的含義是符合,一致,在法律英語中則表示和解或和解協(xié)議,指指債務(wù)人和一個債權(quán)人達成的、以償還部分債務(wù)免除全部債務(wù)責任的協(xié)議。法律英語的單詞有其特殊用法和含義,怎樣從眾多的法律英語詞匯中挑選出最常用最實用的單詞一直是困惑眾多法律英語愛好者的問題。 需要說明的兩點是,有些單詞在法律英語中有獨特含義,如service,在法律英語中的特殊含義指法律文書的送達,但其普通含義即服務(wù),也可能被用到,如service agreement服務(wù)協(xié)議等,因此,我們不能機械的認為service無論出現(xiàn)在何種法律文書中均指送達,應(yīng)當結(jié)合上下文進行理解。如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外國投資者一年內(nèi)并購中國境內(nèi)關(guān)聯(lián)行業(yè)的企業(yè)超過10個。但在法律英語,affect(本義沒有改變,仍然是影響),確實非常正式的用法,通常不能用influence等單詞替換。The software is provided as ?! ssign 釋義:assign是法律英語中常用單詞之一,意思是轉(zhuǎn)讓,也可以指受讓人,通常指權(quán)利的轉(zhuǎn)讓。如go bankrupt破產(chǎn),declare bankrupt宣布破產(chǎn),adjudicate sb. Bankrupt判決某人破產(chǎn)等?! all 釋義:call在普通英語中意思是呼喚,召集,在法律英語中通常為催促,催款。Communication 釋義:munication在這里不是抽象意義的交流,溝通,而是商業(yè)往來中的具體訊息,書信,包括來往函電,信件信件等。 consideration 釋義:consideration在法律英語中的含義是對價,即為換取另一個人做某事的允諾,某人付出的不一定是金錢的代價。我們在使用時要注意區(qū)分,不能看到construction就當做“建設(shè)”理解。如incidental damages 附帶損害consequential damages 間接損害claim damages for the breach of contract.因違約要損害賠償金等?! is liability to pay the loan to the bank was discharged due to his bankruptcy?! raft 釋義:draft在法律英語中通常有兩個含義,一個是起草,如draft a law起草法律,draft a contract起草合同等。 engagement 釋義:engagement的通常含義是從事,在法律英語中的特殊含義是聘用,相當于retain,如 Either party has the right to terminate the engagement by providing written notification to the other party. The engagement shall be deemed terminated once either party has received notice of ,聘用在另一方收到終止通知后即視為終止。如the contract shall take effect upon its execution 合同自簽訂之日起生效。對于這個單詞,比較容易望文生義理解成“未來”,而忽略了其復(fù)數(shù)形式?! nfringement 釋義:infringement的意思是侵犯、違反,通常指對知識產(chǎn)權(quán)等無形資產(chǎn)的侵害,如Distributor shall immediately notify Supplier, upon discovery thereof, of any infringement or potential infringement of Supplier’s interests in the Marks and undertakes to cooperate with Supplier in its efforts to cure such ,經(jīng)銷商應(yīng)立即通知供應(yīng)商,并應(yīng)與供應(yīng)商通力合作制止此類侵權(quán)行為。 Lien 釋義:lien是法律英語中的一個專門用于,意思是留置,但有時在法律文件中可能會對其含義作出擴大性的定義,如“Lien” means any mortgage, charge, pledge, hypothecation, security interest, assignment, encumbrance, lien (statutory or otherwise), title retention agreement or arrangement, restrictive covenant or other encumbrance of any nature or any other arrangement or condition that in substance secures payment or performance of an obligation.“留置權(quán)”指本質(zhì)上保證清償或履行債務(wù)的任何抵押、擔保、出質(zhì)、質(zhì)押、擔保物權(quán)、讓與、債務(wù)負擔、留置(法定或其它方式的)、保留所有權(quán)協(xié)議或安排、限制性約定或任何性質(zhì)的其它債務(wù)負擔或任何其它安排或條件。如prior to the listing of shares in the stock exchange, the pany shall disclose various documents to the public as part of its efforts for information disclosure, one of which is ,公司作為信息披露的一部分,應(yīng)當公布各種相關(guān)文件,其中之一就是招股說明書。The contract made by an infant may take effect if it is ratified by the guardian of the 。 review 釋義:review是法律英語中的常用單詞,意思是復(fù)查、復(fù)審,如review a case復(fù)查(審)一個案件,review a contract復(fù)查合同,judicial review司法審查等。如title bond產(chǎn)權(quán)保證書,title by limitation因時效取得所有權(quán),title by descent因繼承取得所有權(quán),title document所有權(quán)證書,title insurance產(chǎn)權(quán)保險等?! oid 釋義:void的意思是無效的,常常和null連用,即null and void無效,如an act in conflict of law shall be null and void與法律沖突的行為無效?! ervice 釋義:service的常見含義為服務(wù),如service contract 服務(wù)合同,service to the clients為委托人服務(wù)?! urvive 釋義:survive經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在合同中,常常理解為合同效力的繼續(xù)有效,另外,要注意這個單詞的用法,后面不加任何介詞,如this clause shall survive the termination of the contract本條款在合同終止仍然有效。在法律英語accept也有兩個最常用的意思: ?、俪兄Z,是合同法中的概念,與邀約offer相對應(yīng),如 A contract may be formed if an offer is accepted within the specified time and in the required manner。 甲方的任何疏忽行為,無論是作為還是不作為,只要引起乙方損失,即可是為甲方對本合同的違約?! pplication 釋義:application在法律英語中有兩個常見意思: ?、?申請,申請書,如: This twostage process can be bined by submitting to the MOC a signed technology import contract with an application for import permit. 上述兩步程序也可合并進行,即向商務(wù)部提交已簽署的技術(shù)引進協(xié)議和引進許可申請書?! ∷麃碇袊乔⒄動嘘P(guān)生意中的傭金問題。如 The right of contribution e。③三是表示委員會,如中國證監(jiān)會,就是China Securities Regulatory Commission,中國國際經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易仲裁委員會為China International Economic and Trade Arbitrary Commission?! ∽ⅲ篴pplication的動詞是apply,同樣有兩個意思,即①適用,實施 經(jīng)常用在apply sth to sth結(jié)構(gòu)中,如apply the relevant laws and regulations to the disputes between the parties 適用相關(guān)法律法規(guī)解決當事人之間的爭議 ②申請,通常用在apply to sb for sth結(jié)構(gòu),如apply to the Ministry of Commerce for approval of the establishment of a joint venture. 向商務(wù)部申請批準成立合資企業(yè)?! ≡撀蓭熓聞?wù)所的合伙人就各種專業(yè)法律問題向經(jīng)理提出了法律建議。 其他如revoke an acceptance(撤回承諾)等?! erminate 釋義:terminate的意思是終止,通常指在合同到期之前因某種原因而終止,如either party may terminate the contract provided that a written notice thereof is sent to the other ,但應(yīng)當向另一方發(fā)出書面通知?! ettlement 釋義:settlement在法律英語中的常見含義是和解,如reach a settlement達成和解,settlement out of court庭外和解?! aiver 釋義:waiver是Waive名詞形式,意思是棄權(quán)、權(quán)利放棄,如waiver by election of remedies因選擇救濟方式而產(chǎn)生的權(quán)利放棄;waiver of proof of loss損失證明的放棄,waiver of right to appeal上訴權(quán)的放棄,waiver of tort放棄侵權(quán)之訴等。另外,transfer也可以指案件等移送、移交,如transfer of c