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水利水電畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文文獻翻譯-橋梁設(shè)計(完整版)

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【正文】 Inlet (entry segment in the form of surface or subsurface offtake). The inlet is designed on the basis of standard techniques to maintain its conveyance capacity when functioning in the freefall regime. Shafts (vertical or inclined). The diameter of the shaft is made nearly equal to the diameter of the tailrace leg: It should be noted that the eddy node is designed so that A = Areq, where Are q is the value of the geometric parameter of the vortex generator needed to maintain the required prerotation of the flow. For example, for the conditions of the Tupolangskii vortextype spillway, Are q = 。 結(jié)論 我們考慮了溢洪道使我們有效的保證耗散過剩的動能和結(jié)構(gòu)整體可靠性。平等的離心加速度的自由落體加速度是一個必要條件的崩潰渦結(jié)構(gòu)的流動的隧道。由于不對稱輸水進入渦流發(fā)生器在最初的部分,核心的流動是非圓,位于遠離中心 截面 的位置 。同樣的。 溢洪道水力條件的部分。本部分將負責(zé)以下功能: 使 減少旋轉(zhuǎn)速度的 水流 進 入 消能室,均衡流量 轉(zhuǎn)向 最大軸部分的流動速率的中央部分,并減少其動態(tài)載荷在旋轉(zhuǎn)節(jié)點的流量 。 另一個特征參數(shù)的旋轉(zhuǎn)度對 溢洪道 的尾段 , 是積分流旋轉(zhuǎn)參數(shù)的二 [ 1,2 ]。;尾水隧道管道以外的渦流發(fā)生器;傾斜角度軸引水管道的渦軸發(fā)電機。軸的直徑是由近等于 尾水管的直徑。因此,讓我們一起關(guān)注一些重要理論問題。圖 1),而橫截面的隧道是圓或近圓其 整個長度。因此 研究這類溢洪道 這是一個重要的和 緊迫的任務(wù), 幫助在水工 建筑中使用這些類型的溢洪道 可以幫助 制定最佳的和可靠的溢洪道結(jié)構(gòu)。 有鑒于此,我們希望 引起 讀者的注意,基本上是新的 概念 (即,在配置和 操作條件),利用旋渦流 溢洪道 [1, 2, 3, 4 ]。渦旋式溢洪道 與越來越大的能量耗散的旋渦流在較短的長度 ( 60——80)高溫非圓斷面導(dǎo)流洞(馬蹄形,方形,三角形),連接到渦室或通過一個耗能(擴大)室(圖 2) [ 5, 6 ]或手段順利過渡 斷 [ 7]; 溢洪道兩根或更多互動旋渦流動耗能放電室 [ 8 ]或特殊耗能器,被稱為 “countervortex耗能 ”[ 2, 4 ]。熟悉這些主題 可以 協(xié)助設(shè)計和研究渦式溢洪道。 最大平均流量在一個軸的范圍是 15 20米 /秒。運動學(xué)特征旋渦流動和運輸能力取決于一個重要的溢洪道 。 預(yù)旋 17后面 0渦生成裝置在距離 從軸的軸可能的基礎(chǔ)上確定的圖形依賴性:(圖 4)。 從上述討論如下,在這些案件中 沒有空氣壓迫,渦旋式溢洪道可能是模仿方面的所有要求的標準。液壓操作條件的渦旋式溢洪道不同于相應(yīng)條件構(gòu)造配置傳統(tǒng)的溢洪道。渦旋式流創(chuàng)建 整個長度的尾段。整個圓柱段長度的管道,氣體氣芯具有一個波浪狀彎 與 曲軸線相吻合與隧道軸線甚至接近 10dx從軸的軸。一旦達到平等,水沿隧道頂 “洞穴中,“混合容易與空氣中的流動的核心。運行可靠性的基礎(chǔ)上,渦溢洪道消能在水洞中 設(shè)計 ,被認為在目前的文章 中 證實了這一事實,壓力波動和強度的湍流耗散順利整個隧道,這些數(shù)量的低水平點放電的流動到下一池。 for the Tel39。 and for the Rogunskii spillway, Ar:q = . A second parameter which characterizes the degree of rotation of the flow on individual legs of the tailrace segment is the integral flow rotation parameter II [1, 2]. The prerotation 17 0 behind the vortex generating device at a distance from the axis of the shaft may be determined on the basis of graphical dependences thus: 17_o = f(A) (Fig. 4).Tailrace tmmd. The overall widths of the tunnel are determined by the type of spillway design which is selected and the method decided on for dissipation of the excess energy (either by means of smooth or increasingly more intensive dissipation). Energy Dissipation Chamber. The choice of design and dimensions depends on the rate of rotation of the flow at the inlet to the chamber and on the length of the tailrace tunnel following the chamber. For a tailrace tunnel with LT/d T _ 60, it is best to use a converging tube (or cylindrical) segment as the conjugating element between the tangential vortex generator and the energy dissipation chamber. The segment will be responsible for the following functions: reduction of the rate of rotation of the flow at the inlet to the energy dissipation chamber, equalization of flow rates acpanied by a shift in the maximum axial ponent of the flow rate into the central portion, and reduction of the dynamic loads at the rotation node of the flow. From the foregoing discussion it follows that in those cases in which there is no entrapment of air, vortex spillways may be modeled with respect to all the required criteria. The situation is different in the case of aerated flow, which is also difficult to model. In hydraulic models with external atmospheric pressure, the volumetric content of air varies slightly as the flow is transported down the shaft to the critical section, whereas in the physical structure, the entrapped air, moving downwards, is pressed by the increasing pressure of the liquid. Thus, in the case of the spillway at the Teri hydraulic works (Fig. 1),
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