【正文】 rm, congestion pricing could lead to increases in use of alternative travel modes for all daily trips, thus reducing total daily emissions. 4. Social justice Sustainable development has three widely agreed metagoals: sustainable economic development, environmental protection and social justice. All three goals must be addressed together if development is to be sustainable. Much attention has been paid to economic development and environmental protection, but less attention has been paid to social justice. Social justice (equity) contains economic equity and environmental equity. Economic equity issues resulting from congestion pricing are difficult to address pletely. Some people have argued that road pricing is regressive, in that it will bear more heavily on poorer car users, short distance journeys, and on those living adjacent to the cordons。期待有益的意見和建議，以改善本文。如何使用稅收，改善城市交通系統(tǒng)的效率，在可持續(xù)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。 環(huán)境公平是指環(huán)境質(zhì)量的社會分配（特別是二氧化氮分布）。這些參數(shù)可以通過制定更加靈活的收費(fèi)制度，在一定程度上抵消。從車輛樣本分析不同的駕駛條件下的排放量這是自然的。據(jù)報道，中國是二氧化碳排放大國，有 7個城市在世界嚴(yán)重污染的城市名單中。產(chǎn)生了相反的論調(diào)，不過，減少交通擠塞，應(yīng)該是服務(wù)于更廣泛的業(yè)務(wù)，以降低成本，使他們成為更具有競爭力的國家。 如果有 241。在許多危害中，交通擁堵已被視為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的障礙?？沙掷m(xù)交通的想法已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在交通運(yùn)輸部門的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念中，可以定義如下，“可持續(xù)發(fā)展的交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和出行政策是服務(wù)于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，環(huán)境管 理和社會公平的多重目標(biāo)，用這個目標(biāo)來優(yōu)化交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的使用，并達(dá)到經(jīng)濟(jì)和相關(guān)的社會和環(huán)境目標(biāo)，以實(shí)現(xiàn)在不犧牲后代的能源的前提下，達(dá)到相同的目的。交通擁堵收費(fèi)的原則與目標(biāo)是通過對選擇在高峰擁擠時段的設(shè)施的使用實(shí)施附加收費(fèi)，以紓緩擁堵情況。本文首先回顧可持續(xù)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的概念，它應(yīng)該滿足集體經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，環(huán)境保護(hù)和社會正義的目標(biāo)。 一、介紹 城市交通是一個在世界各地的大城市迫切關(guān)注的話題。繼在 20世紀(jì) 70年代初和 80年代中期挪威與新加坡實(shí)行收費(fèi)環(huán)，在 2021年 2月倫敦金融城推出了面積收費(fèi) 。本文的其余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)如下。從理論上說，個人用戶決定是否使用一個特定的道路的成本權(quán)衡他們將承擔(dān)對自己的利益。實(shí)踐證明擁擠收費(fèi)能有效地規(guī)范交通出行時間和空間分布，促進(jìn)道路資源的有效利用，提高運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)的效率。這種方便客戶的依賴，解釋了為什么零售生產(chǎn)跌幅小于核心區(qū)的其他主要行業(yè)的輸出。這些污染物是關(guān)鍵因素，許多呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病，如哮喘，以及其他的影響人體健康的方面，如頭疼， 眼疾等癥狀。 四、社會正義 可持續(xù)發(fā)展有三個廣泛的目標(biāo)：經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，環(huán)境保護(hù)和社會正義，這三個目標(biāo)都要解決可持續(xù)發(fā)展這個問題。在實(shí)踐中，收入最低的旅客，他們通常乘坐公共交通工具或徒步旅行，是最有可能受益的。 從環(huán)境公平的角度來看，交通擁堵收費(fèi) 的成效是敏感的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)特征的空間分布，因此最佳的方案設(shè)計的每個應(yīng)用程序都會有所不同。 本文回顧了交通擁堵收費(fèi)和可持續(xù)交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的三個目標(biāo)之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)果表明，交通擁堵收費(fèi)是一種很有前途的交通管理策略，它可以促進(jìn)城市經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量，減少不公平。 more generally concern has been expressed at the impact on those who, for whatever reason, have no choice but to travel by car. These arguments can be countered to some extent by devising more flexible charging regimes. It has to be accepted that any form of road pricing will introduce some inequities. The key is to keep these to minimum,and to find ways of pensating those who do not benefit from congestion pricing. In practice, the lowest ine travelers, who typically travel by public transport or on foot, are most likely to benefit. For the conventional transportation system, the tax rates on gasoline, which are the same regardless of whether transport users are traveling during congested or uncongested periods Congestion pricing is expected to reduce this unfair by implementing surcharge for the use selected congested facilities during peak traffic periods. Equity issues addressed in transport have been largely concerned with economic equity, including the relationship between public and private transport, the impacts of congestion pricing on peripheral areas and underprivileged population er, environmentalequity issues have been little within a transport context. Transport produces direct effects such as atmospheric emissions and noise, and also indirect effects, through its influence on the location of polluting facilities and affected people. Environmental equity refers to the social distribution of environmental quality (and specifically the distribution of NO2 by deprivation status). That is equal access to a clean environment and equal protection from possible environmental harm irrespective of ine, class or other differentiating feature of socioeconomics status. Transportation planners should point out that the reduction of congestion levels and increased tripFrom an environmental equity perspective, the effectiveness of congestion pricing is sensitive to the spatial distribution of socioeconomic characteristics。 鳴謝 這項(xiàng)工作是支持（ 2021F3078）福建省青年人才項(xiàng)目。如果它是用來支付環(huán)境的改善，這將有助于加大道路收費(fèi)。運(yùn)輸產(chǎn)生的直接影響很多，如大氣排放和噪音，也間接影響通過對污染設(shè)施的位置和影響的人的影響。有些人認(rèn)為道路收費(fèi)是倒退，因?yàn)樗嗟刈尦袚?dān)較差的汽車用戶，只需短距離行程的用戶，或者是生活水平欠佳的用戶，不管是 什么原因，別無選擇，只能乘車。 由于道路交通排放是一個復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)，不能完全統(tǒng)一一個輸出。 三、環(huán)保 在中國，環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)重。一些人擔(dān)心，交通擁堵收費(fèi)