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and rollout plans, construct system, monitor progress, evaluate personnel, train staff, pilot new process, refine, full rollout, continuous improvement ? process modeling ?Info engineering ?Skill matrices ?Performance measurement ?Justintime training ?Project management SSM (soft systems methodology) ? SSM provides an interesting way in viewing human activity. ? It address the essence of a problem in considering the “what” aspect of the problem. ? SSM is particularly good for illdefined or unstructured problems. ? It follows a set of guidelines and applies the systems ideas to investigate the problems. The seven stages of SSM 1 Problem Situation unstructured 2 Problem Situation expressed 3 Root definition of relevant systems 4 Conceptual models 6 Feasible/ desirable changes 5 Real world/ systems World parison 7 Action to improve Systems world real world ? S1- Problem situation unstructured: there is an unstructured problem situation, such as most nonroutinized human activities. info collection is performed ? S2- problem situation expressed: the situation is then expressed in rich pictures ? S3- Root definition of relevant systems: the root definition is defined from a particular point of view and describes what the system is and what it aims to achieve. It consists of six elements based on the CATWOE analysis. The CATWOE analysis for the root definition Mnemonic description C Clie