【正文】 y make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and anti Shen ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity will threat arrive people39。結(jié)構(gòu)加固中常用的主要有以下幾種方法：加大混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的截面面積，在構(gòu)件的角部外包型鋼、采用預(yù)應(yīng)力法加固、粘貼鋼板加固、增設(shè)支點加固以及噴射混凝土補強加固。 混凝土裂縫的修補措施主要有以下一些方法：表面修補法，灌漿、嵌縫封堵法，結(jié)構(gòu)加固法，混凝土置換法，電化學(xué)防護法以及仿生自愈合法。三是選用合適的摻和料抑制堿骨料反應(yīng)。十三是加強混凝土養(yǎng)護，混凝 土澆筑后，及時用濕潤的草簾、麻片等覆蓋，并注意灑水養(yǎng)護，適當延長養(yǎng)護時間，保證混凝土表面緩慢冷卻。五是改善混凝土的攪拌加工工藝，降低混凝土的澆筑溫度。 溫度裂縫的走向通常無一定規(guī)律，大面積結(jié)構(gòu)裂縫?？v橫交錯；梁板類長度尺寸較大的結(jié)構(gòu)，裂縫多平行于短邊；深入和貫穿性的溫度裂縫一般與短邊方向平行或接近平行，裂縫沿著長邊分段出現(xiàn)，中間較密。三是防止混凝土澆灌過程中地基被水浸泡。 沉陷裂縫及預(yù)防 2021級工程管理專業(yè)英語科技文獻翻譯 3 沉陷裂縫的產(chǎn)生是由于結(jié)構(gòu)地基土質(zhì)不勻、松軟或回填土不實或浸水而造成不均勻沉降所致；或者因為模板剛度不足，模板支撐間距過大或支撐底部松動等導(dǎo)致，特別是在冬季，模板支撐在凍土上，凍土化凍后產(chǎn)生不均勻沉降，致使混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生裂縫。塑性收縮裂縫一般在干熱或大風天氣出現(xiàn)，裂縫多呈中間寬、兩端細且長短不一，互不連貫狀態(tài)。混凝土干縮主要和混凝土的水灰比、水泥的成分、水泥的用量、集料的性質(zhì)和用量、外加劑的用量等有關(guān)。 混凝土裂縫產(chǎn)生的原因很多，有變形引起的裂縫：如溫度變化、收縮、膨脹、不均勻沉陷等原因引起的裂縫；有外載作用引起的裂縫；有養(yǎng)護環(huán)境不當和化學(xué)作用引起的裂縫等等。由于混凝土施工和本身變形、約束等一系列問題，硬化成型的混凝土中存在著眾多的微孔隙、氣穴和微裂縫，正是由于這些初始缺陷的存在才使混凝土呈現(xiàn)出一些非均質(zhì)的特性。 混凝土建筑和構(gòu)件通常都是帶縫工作的，由于裂縫的存在和發(fā)展通常會使內(nèi)部的鋼筋等材料產(chǎn)生腐蝕，降低鋼筋混凝土材料的承載能力、耐久性及抗?jié)B能力，影響建筑物的外觀、使用壽命，嚴重者將會威脅到人們的生命和財產(chǎn)安全。水泥漿中水分的蒸發(fā)會產(chǎn)生干縮，且這種收縮是不可逆的。三是嚴格 控制混凝土攪拌和施工中的配合比，混凝土的用水量絕對不能大于配合比設(shè)計所給定的用水量。 主要預(yù)防措施：一是選用干縮值較小早期強度較高的硅酸鹽或普通硅酸鹽水泥。角方向發(fā)展，較大的沉陷 裂縫，往往有一定的錯位，裂縫寬度往往與沉降量成正比關(guān)系。 溫度裂縫及預(yù)防 溫度裂縫多發(fā)生在大體積混凝土表面或溫差變化較大地區(qū)的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中。此種裂縫的出現(xiàn)會引起鋼筋的銹蝕，混凝土的碳化，降低混凝土的抗凍融、抗疲勞及抗?jié)B能力等。八是大體積混凝土的溫度應(yīng)力與結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸相關(guān)，混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸越大，溫度應(yīng)力越大，因此要合理安排施工工序，分層、分塊澆筑，以利于散熱，減小約束。 化學(xué)反應(yīng)引起的裂縫及預(yù)防 堿骨料反應(yīng)裂縫和鋼筋銹蝕引起的裂縫是鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中最常見的由于化學(xué)反應(yīng)而引起的裂縫。二是混凝土級配要良好。 灌漿、嵌縫封堵法 灌漿法主要適用于對結(jié)構(gòu)整體性有影響或有防滲要求的混凝土裂縫的修補，它是利用壓力設(shè)備將膠結(jié)材料壓入混凝土的裂縫中，膠結(jié)材料硬化后與混凝土形成一個整體，從而起到封堵加固的目的。 電化學(xué)防護法 電化學(xué)防腐是利用施加電場在介質(zhì)中的電化學(xué)作用，改變混凝土或鋼筋混凝土所處的環(huán)境狀態(tài)，鈍化鋼筋，以達到防腐的目的。Have outside carry the crack that the function cause。s45 176。In mon use rigid water material is the polymer cement sand syrup. The structure reinforce a method When the crack influence arrive concrete structure of function, will consideration adopt to reinforce a method to carry on processing to the concrete structure reinforce medium in mon use main have the following a few method:The piece of enlargement concrete structure in every aspect accumulate, outside the Cape department of the Gou piece pack type steel, adoption prepare should the dint method reinforce, glue to stick steel plate to reinforce, increase to establish fulcrum to reinforce and jet the concrete pensation reinforce. Concrete displacement method Concrete displacement method is processing severity damage concrete of a kind of 2021級工程管理專業(yè)英語科技文獻翻譯 15 valid method, this method be first will damage of the concrete pick and get rid of, then again displacement go into new of concrete or other in mon use displacement material have:Common concrete or the cement sand syrup, polymer or change sex polymer concrete or sand syrup. The electricity chemistry protection method The electricity chemistry antisepsis is to make use of infliction electric field in lie the quality of electricity chemical effect, change concrete or reinforced concrete the environment appearance of the place, the bluntness turn reinforcing bar to attain the purpose of protection method, chlorine salt39。Thorough with pierce through sex of temperature crack general and short side direction parallelism or close parallelism, crack along long side cent the segment appear, in the center more width the size be different, be subjected to temperature variety influence more obvious, winter pare breadth, summer more concrete temperature crack that the heat inflation cause is usually in the center the thick both ends be thin, but cold Suo crack of thick thin variety not too emergence of the this kind crack will cause the rust eclipse of reinforcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, the anti jelly which lower concrete melt, anti tired and anti Shen ability etc.. 2021級工程管理專業(yè)英語科技文獻翻譯 12 Main prevention measure:One is as far as possible choose to use low hot or medium hot water mire, like mineral residue cement, powder ash from stove cement...etc..Two is a decrease cement dosage, cement dosage as far as possible the control is in the 450 kg/m 3 is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete ratio control below is improvement the bone anticipate class to go together with, the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. to e to reduce cement dosage and lower water to turn is an improvement concrete of mix blend to process a craft, lower sprinkle of concrete to build is the in addition that the Chan add a have of fixed amount to reduce water and increase Su, slow Ning etc. function in the concrete, i mprovement the concrete mix to match a thing of mobility, protect water, lower water to turn hot, postpone hot Feng of emergence is the heat season sprinkle to build can the adoption take to establish to hide sun plank etc. assistance measure control concrete of Wen Sheng, lower to sprinkle temperature of build the is the temperature of big physical volume concrete should the dint relate to structure size, concrete structure size more big, temperature should dint more big, so want reasonable arrangement construction work preface, layering, cent the piece sprinkle to build, for the convenience of in spread hot, let up is at great inner part constitution of the physical volume concrete cool off piping, cold water perhaps cold air cool off, let up concre