【正文】 forcing bar, the carbonization of concrete, the anti jelly which lower concrete melt, anti tired and anti Shen ability etc.. 2021級工程管理專業(yè)英語科技文獻翻譯 12 Main prevention measure:One is as far as possible choose to use low hot or medium hot water mire, like mineral residue cement, powder ash from stove cement...etc..Two is a decrease cement dosage, cement dosage as far as possible the control is in the 450 kg/m 3 is to lower water ash ratio, water ash of the general concrete ratio control below is improvement the bone anticipate class to go together with, the Chan add powder ash from stove or efficiently reduce water etc. to e to reduce cement dosage and lower water to turn is an improvement concrete of mix blend to process a craft, lower sprinkle of concrete to build is the in addition that the Chan add a have of fixed amount to reduce water and increase Su, slow Ning etc. function in the concrete, i mprovement the concrete mix to match a thing of mobility, protect water, lower water to turn hot, postpone hot Feng of emergence is the heat season sprinkle to build can the adoption take to establish to hide sun plank etc. assistance measure control concrete of Wen Sheng, lower to sprinkle temperature of build the is the temperature of big physical volume concrete should the dint relate to structure size, concrete structure size more big, temperature should dint more big, so want reasonable arrangement construction work preface, layering, cent the piece sprinkle to build, for the convenience of in spread hot, let up is at great inner part constitution of the physical volume concrete cool off piping, cold water perhaps cold air cool off, let up concrete of inside outside difference in is the supervision which strengthen concrete temperature, adopt to cool off in time, protection is to reserve temperature constringency to is to let up to control, sprinkle proper before building concrete in the Ji rock and old concrete top build a 5 mm or so sand mat a layer or usage asphalt etc. material Tu2 is to strengthen concrete to protect, the concrete after sprinkle build use moist grass Lian in time, hemp slice39。s45 176。 電化學(xué)防護法 電化學(xué)防腐是利用施加電場在介質(zhì)中的電化學(xué)作用，改變混凝土或鋼筋混凝土所處的環(huán)境狀態(tài)，鈍化鋼筋，以達到防腐的目的。二是混凝土級配要良好。八是大體積混凝土的溫度應(yīng)力與結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸相關(guān)，混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸越大，溫度應(yīng)力越大，因此要合理安排施工工序，分層、分塊澆筑，以利于散熱，減小約束。 溫度裂縫及預(yù)防 溫度裂縫多發(fā)生在大體積混凝土表面或溫差變化較大地區(qū)的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中。 主要預(yù)防措施：一是選用干縮值較小早期強度較高的硅酸鹽或普通硅酸鹽水泥。水泥漿中水分的蒸發(fā)會產(chǎn)生干縮，且這種收縮是不可逆的。由于混凝土施工和本身變形、約束等一系列問題，硬化成型的混凝土中存在著眾多的微孔隙、氣穴和微裂縫，正是由于這些初始缺陷的存在才使混凝土呈現(xiàn)出一些非均質(zhì)的特性?；炷粮煽s主要和混凝土的水灰比、水泥的成分、水泥的用量、集料的性質(zhì)和用量、外加劑的用量等有關(guān)。 沉陷裂縫及預(yù)防 2021級工程管理專業(yè)英語科技文獻翻譯 3 沉陷裂縫的產(chǎn)生是由于結(jié)構(gòu)地基土質(zhì)不勻、松軟或回填土不實或浸水而造成不均勻沉降所致；或者因為模板剛度不足，模板支撐間距過大或支撐底部松動等導(dǎo)致，特別是在冬季，模板支撐在凍土上，凍土化凍后產(chǎn)生不均勻沉降，致使混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生裂縫。 溫度裂縫的走向通常無一定規(guī)律，大面積結(jié)構(gòu)裂縫?？v橫交錯；梁板類長度尺寸較大的結(jié)構(gòu)，裂縫多平行于短邊；深入和貫穿性的溫度裂縫一般與短邊方向平行或接近平行，裂縫沿著長邊分段出現(xiàn)，中間較密。十三是加強混凝土養(yǎng)護，混凝 土澆筑后，及時用濕潤的草簾、麻片等覆蓋，并注意灑水養(yǎng)護，適當(dāng)延長養(yǎng)護時間，保證混凝土表面緩慢冷卻。 混凝土裂縫的修補措施主要有以下一些方法：表面修補法，灌漿、嵌縫封堵法，結(jié)構(gòu)加固法，混凝土置換法，電化學(xué)防護法以及仿生自愈合法。 參考文獻 [1] 吳潔 楊天春 . 建筑施工技術(shù) [M].中 國建筑工業(yè)出版社 .2021年 5月第 1版 . [2] 重慶建筑大學(xué) 同濟大學(xué) 哈爾濱建筑大學(xué) .建筑施工 [M].中國建筑工業(yè)出版社 .1997 5月第一版 . [3] 陳書申 陳曉平 . 土力學(xué)與地基基礎(chǔ) [M].武漢理工大學(xué)出版社 .2021年 12 月第 3版 2021級工程管理專業(yè)英語科技文獻翻譯 7 Building construction concrete crack of prevention and processing Liu yong qiang (Haicheng construction engineering quality taixing HaiCheng 114200) Abstract： The crack problem of concrete is a widespread existence but again difficult in solve of engineering actual problem, this text carried on a study analysis to a little bit familiar crack problem in the concrete engineering, and aim at concrete the circumstance put forward some prevention, processing measure. Key word: Concrete crack prevention processing 1 Foreword Concretes is a kind of anticipate by the freestone bone, cement, water and other mixture but formation of the in addition material of quality brittleness not and all material. Because the concrete construction transform with oneself, control etc. a series problem, harden model of in the concrete existence numerous tiny hole, spirit cave and tiny crack, is exactly because these beginning start blemish of existence just make the concrete present one some not and all the characteristic of quality. The tiny crack is a kind of harmless crack and accept concrete heavy, defend Shen and a little bit other use function not a creation to endanger. But after the concrete be subjected to lotus carry, difference in temperature etc. function, tiny crack would continuously of expand with connect, end formation we can see without the aid of instruments of macro view the crack be also the crack that the concrete often say in the engineering. Concrete building and Gou piece usually all take sewer to make of, because of crack of existence and development usually make inner part of reinforcing bar etc. material creation decay, lower reinforced concrete material of loading ability, durable and anti Shen ability, influence building of external appearance, service life, severity will threat arrive people39。s etc. overlay, and attention sprinkle water to protect, appropriate extension protect time, assurance the concrete surface be slowmoving cool off. At the cold season, concrete surface should constitution heat preservation measure, in order to prevent cold wave is the allocation be a little amount in the concrete of reinforcing bar perhaps add fiber material concrete of temper