【正文】 stem Suo more big, stem the Suo crack be more easy the Suo crack is much surface parallel lines form or the shallow thin crack, width many between mm, the flat surface part much see in the big physical volume concrete and follow it more in thinner beam plank short to Suo crack usually the anti Shen of influence concrete, cause the durable of the rust eclipse influence concrete of reinforcing bar, under the function of the water pressure dint would creation the water power split crack influence concrete of loading dint etc..Concrete stem the Suo be main with water ash of the concrete ratio, the dosage of the position, cement of cement, gather to anticipate of the dosage of 2021級(jí)工程管理專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯 9 the property and dosage, in addition etc. relevant. Main prevention measure: While being to choose to use the constringency quantity smaller cement, general low hot water mire and powder ash from stove cement in the adoption, lower the dosage of cement. Two is a concrete of stem the Suo be subjected to water ash ratio of influence more big, water ash ratio more big, stem Suo more big, so in the concrete match the ratio the design should as far as possible control good water ash ratio of choose to use, the Chan add in the meantime acmodation of reduce water. Three is strict control concrete mix blend with under construction of match ratio, use of concrete water quantity absolute can39。 2021級(jí)工程管理專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯 6 仿生自愈合法 仿生自愈合法是一種新的裂縫處理方法，它模仿生物組織對(duì)受創(chuàng)傷部位自動(dòng)分泌某種物質(zhì)，而使創(chuàng)傷部位得到愈合的機(jī)能，在混凝土的傳統(tǒng)成分中加入某些特殊成分（如含粘結(jié)劑 的液芯纖維或膠囊），在混凝土內(nèi)部形成智能型仿生自愈合神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)混凝土出現(xiàn)裂縫時(shí)分泌出部分液芯纖維可使裂縫重新愈合。常用的塑性材料有聚氯乙烯膠泥、塑料油膏、丁基橡膠等等；常用的剛性止水材料為聚合物水泥砂漿。 3 裂縫處理 裂縫的出現(xiàn)不但會(huì) 影響結(jié)構(gòu)的整體性和剛度，還會(huì)引起鋼筋的銹蝕、加速混凝土的碳化、降低混凝土的耐久性和抗疲勞、抗?jié)B能力。主要的預(yù)防措施：一是選用堿活性小的砂石骨料。十一是預(yù)留溫度收縮縫。三是降低水灰比，一般 2021級(jí)工程管理專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯 4 混凝土的水灰比控制在 。當(dāng)拉應(yīng)力超過(guò)混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度極限時(shí)，混凝土表面就會(huì)產(chǎn)生裂縫，這種裂縫多發(fā)生在混凝土施工中后期。 主要預(yù)防措施：一是對(duì)松軟土、回填土地基在上部結(jié)構(gòu)施工前應(yīng)進(jìn)行必要的夯實(shí)和加固。四是及時(shí)覆 蓋塑料薄膜或者潮濕的草墊、麻片等，保持混凝土終凝前表面濕潤(rùn)，或者在混凝土表面噴灑養(yǎng)護(hù)劑等進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)。五是在混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)中設(shè)置合適的收縮縫。干縮裂縫多為表面性的平行線狀或網(wǎng)狀淺細(xì)裂縫，寬度多在 ，大體積混凝土中平面部位多見(jiàn)，較薄的梁板中多沿其短向分布。鋼筋混凝土規(guī)范也明確規(guī)定：有些結(jié)構(gòu)在所處的不同條件下，允許存在一定寬度的裂縫。 2021級(jí)工程管理專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯 1 建筑施工混凝土裂縫的預(yù)防與處理 摘 要 ： 混凝土的裂縫問(wèn)題是一個(gè)普遍存在而又難于解決的工程實(shí)際問(wèn)題，本文對(duì)混凝土工程中常見(jiàn)的一些裂縫問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了探討分析，并針對(duì)具體情況提出了一些預(yù)防、處理措施。近代科學(xué)研究和大量的混凝土工程實(shí)踐證明，在混凝土工程中裂縫問(wèn)題是不可避免的，在一定的范 圍內(nèi)也是可以接受的，只是要采取有效的措施將其危害程度控制在一定的范圍之內(nèi)。相對(duì)濕度越低，水泥漿體干縮越大，干縮裂縫越易產(chǎn)生。冬季施工時(shí)要適當(dāng)延長(zhǎng)混凝土保溫覆蓋時(shí)間，并涂刷養(yǎng)護(hù)劑養(yǎng)護(hù)。三是澆筑混凝土之前，將基層和模板澆水均勻濕透。地基變形穩(wěn)定之后，沉陷裂縫也基本趨于穩(wěn)定。由于混凝土的體積較大，大量的水化熱聚積在混凝土內(nèi)部而不易散發(fā)，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部溫度急劇上升，而混凝土表面散熱較快，這樣就形成內(nèi)外的較大溫差，較大的溫差造成內(nèi)部與外部熱脹冷縮的程度不同，使混凝土表面產(chǎn)生一定的拉應(yīng)力。二是減少水泥用量，將水泥用量盡量控制在 450kg/m3以下。十是加強(qiáng)混凝土溫度的監(jiān)控，及時(shí)采取冷卻、保護(hù)措施。這種裂縫一般出現(xiàn)中混 凝土結(jié)構(gòu)使用期間，一旦出現(xiàn)很難補(bǔ)救，因此應(yīng)在施工中采取有效措施進(jìn)行預(yù)防。四是鋼筋表層涂刷防腐涂料。 嵌縫法是裂縫封堵中最常用的一種方法，它通常是沿裂縫鑿槽，在槽中嵌填塑性或剛性止水材料，以達(dá)到封閉裂縫的目的。這種方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是防護(hù)方法受環(huán)境因素的影響較小，適用鋼筋、混凝土的長(zhǎng)期防腐，既可用于已裂結(jié)構(gòu)也可用于新建結(jié)構(gòu)。out a problem according to the actual circumstance. 2 In the concrete engineering the familiar crack and the prevention Stem Suo crack and prevention Stem the Suo crack much appear after the concrete protect be over of a period of time or concrete sprinkle to build to plete behind of around a the cement syrup humidity of evaporate would creation stem Suo, and this kind of constringency is can39。t be too early, and want to notice to dismantle a mold order of is at jelly soil top take to establish template to notice to adopt certain of prevention measure. Temperature crack and prevention 2021級(jí)工程管理專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯 11 Temperature crack much the occurrence is in big surface or difference in temperature variety of the physical volume concrete pare the earth area of the concrete structure. Concrete after sprinkling to build, in the hardening the process, cement water turn a creation a great deal of of water turn hot, .(be the cement dosage is in the 350550 kg/m 3, each sign square the rice concrete will release a calories of 1750027500 kJ and make concrete internal thus the temperature rise to reach to 70 ℃ or so even higher)Because the physical volume of concrete be more big, a great deal of of water turn hot accumulate at the concrete inner part but not easy send forth, cause inner part the temperature hoick, but the concrete surface spread hot more quick, so formation inside outside of bigger difference in temperature, the bigger difference in temperature result in inner part and exterior hot the degree of the bulge cold Suo dissimilarity, make concrete surface creation certain of pull should pull should dint exceed the anti of concrete pull strength extreme limit, concrete surface meeting creation crack, this kind of crack much occurrence after the concrete under construction the concrete of under construction be difference in temperature variety more big, perhaps is a concrete to be subjected to assault of cold wave etc., will cause concrete surface the temperature sharply descend, but creation constringency, surface constringency of the concrete be subjected to inner part concrete of control, creation very big of pull should dint but creation crack, this kind of crack usually just in more shallow scope of the concrete surface creation. The alignment of the temperature crack usually none settle regulation, big area structure the crack often maneuver interlea