【正文】 ? conversion tasks ? installation planning ? user and operator education planning ? vendor product testing ? subcontractor coordination Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU ? Level of effort(LOE) tasks ? hard to define ? specific output ? pletion criteria ? tend to be long running ? work on them is sporadic Orientation management change investigation skills transfer meetings Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU ? Identify the tasks ? Responsibility can be assigned to one person ? Tasks results are tangible and related to product ? Tasks are less than one reporting cycle(40 hrs) ? Tasks are a day or longer in duration Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU ? Process for defining tasks ? Review: ? the latest baseline ? plans for similar project ? standard task lists ? similar product ? Get together with other planners ? Brainstorm: name all tasks that e to mind。 constrains。 strategic plan。 minutes。 description。 ? projectrelated。 project manager identified/assigned。 project selection criteria。 confirm ? 6. Consolidate data ? 7. Write requirement report ? 8. External design phase plan ? 9. External design standards ? design phase ? 11. Internal design phase Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU 3. Estimate hours for activities ? Activities work hours ? (30hrs, 6 people) 180 ? 2. Interview standards 160 ? 3. Global interview preparation 80 ? 4. Standards for requirements report(SRR) 60 ? 5. Interviews (20) 640( 16x2 people x20) ? individual preparation 4 ? interview 4 ? minutes 4 ? confirm 4 ? 6. Consolidate data 600 ? 7. Write requirement report 140 ? 8. External design phase plan 80 ? 9. External design standards 60 ? design phase 2023 ? 11. Internal design phase 2023 ? Project total 6000 Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU 4. Add level of effort hours ? Project management ? Change investigation ? Project meetings ? …... Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU 5. Determine dependencies ? “ logical” order of activities ? predecessors / successors ? uncover missing activities ? initially ignore resource constrains ? identify critical path: the critical path is the path of longest duration through work。 plete criteria ? Assign task ID’ s Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU Step 3. Develop precedence diagram ? Determine interdependencies ? order of tasks ? predecessor/successor tasks ? Identify missing tasks ? Initially assume resource independent ? Create visual presentation Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU Step 4. Assign available hours to tasks ? Review project objectives estimates ? Estimate individual detailed tasks ? Sum up hours ? Compare your hours to hours in estimating backup and resolve any discrepancies ? independent assessment ? negotiate with manager Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU ? Rules of thumb ? Meetings require: ? material preparation ? rehearsal ? the presentation ? follow up ? times and number of people involved ? Interviews take 23 people plus the interviewee ? Planning estimating takes time too ? Project management 1520% of the technical effort ? Must include individual project control effort: ? LOE, change control, status reporting…… Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU ? Project objectives estimating backup: requirements phase ? Tasks Technical hours ? 1. Orientation: (25hrs x 6) 150 ? 2. Interview standards 130 ? 3. Global interview preparation 70 ? 4. Interviews(20) (20x14x2 people) 560 ? individual preparation 3hrs ? interview 4hrs ? minutes 4hrs ? confirm 3hrs ? 5. Standards for report 50 ? 6. Consolidate data 510 ? 7. Write report 110 ? 8. External design plan 70 ? 9. External design standards 50 ? 10. Level of effort tasks 300 ? Total technical hours: 2023 Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU ? Estimating pitfalls ? Not identifying all tasks ? Sloppy pletion criteria ? Fuzzy objectives ? Solo estimating ? “ Superstar” estimating ? Using someone else’ s numbers ? Consistently going low or high ? Failure to reestimate, based on resultstodate Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM PKU Step 5. Determine staff hours available ? Basis for project objectives schedule ? Hours available/year = 2080 (52weeks x 5days x 8hours) ? Education 80hrs ? Vacation+holidays 160hrs ? Administration 80hrs ? Personal 90hrs ? Others(travel, sickness ) 70hrs ? Total nonproductive hours: 480hrs ? Total productive hours: 1600hrs ? 77% utilization, 133 hours/month Dec. 2023 Wanjun JIANG GSM