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【正文】 treatment strategy 3/20/2023 76 ? 自殺基因是病毒、細菌等原核生物中具有特殊功能的酶類基因,此類基因轉(zhuǎn)入哺乳動物細胞后產(chǎn)生的酶能將無毒或毒性極低的藥物前體轉(zhuǎn)化成細胞毒性代謝產(chǎn)物,導(dǎo)致腫瘤細胞自殺,因此又稱為病毒導(dǎo)向酶解藥物前體療法 (VDEPT). 3/20/2023 77 3/20/2023 78 基因修飾 (gene modification) 也屬于基因添加,但目的不是修復(fù)、改善細胞功能,而是改變細胞功能。 A long terminal repeat (LTR) of endogenous retrovirus is located at either end of genome (pose of U3,R and U5). LTR contains the elements including promoter, enhancer and tailing signal. 3/20/2023 94 是病毒整合進細胞基因組的過程的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)。 The targetspecific action of gene delivery can be increased by coupling ligands with high cell or tissue affinity with foreign DNA. ? . 3/20/2023 112 ? 偶聯(lián)通常用多聚陽離子 (condensed cation ),如多聚賴氨酸 (polylysine) 來實現(xiàn)。 1990年 9月 14日,安德森對一例患 ADA缺乏癥的 4歲女孩謝德爾進行基因治療。包括調(diào)節(jié)機體免疫功能和針對病毒本身兩個方面。 Every nation in the world adopts strict measures to supervise the products and methods of human gene therapy. 3/20/2023 153 兩年前在 University of Pennsylvania(賓夕法尼亞州 ), 一名 18歲男孩在基因治療時死亡。 23:26:3823:26:3823:262/27/2023 11:26:38 PM 1以我獨沈久,愧君相見頻。 , February 27, 2023 很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果,但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。 2023年 2月 27日星期一 下午 11時 26分 38秒 23:26: 1比不了得就不比,得不到的就不要。s case quickly turned to tragedy soon after he was injected with genes carried by the viral messenger, known as a vector. PAUL GELSINGER: Less than 24 hours after they injected Jesse with the vector in the amount that only one other person had ever been given, Jesse39。s disease. There is no cure. But now there is a new treatment that may improve patients39。經(jīng)治療后,免疫功能日趨健全,能夠走出隔離帳,過上了正常人的生活。 ‘Nude’ DNA is directly injected into animals or tissues. ? 3/20/2023 115 ? 外源基因在肌肉中的表達量與注入的 DNA含量成正比; The amount of foreign gene expressions in muscle is in direct ratio to that of DNA delivered by intramuscular injection. ? 重復(fù)注射比一次注射效果好。 The limited ability of only infecting dividing cells when used in gene therapy. 3/20/2023 103 ? 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒 載體 (retrovirus vectors) ? 腺病毒載體 ( adenovirus, Ad vectors ) ? 腺相關(guān)病毒( adenoassociated virus,AAv vectors )載體 ? 單純皰疹病毒( herpes simpex virus vectors )載體 Types Of Viruses 3/20/2023 104 Naked DNA Target Cell Therapeutic Protein AAV Retrovirus/Lentivirus Adenovirus Nucleus Gene Therapy Principles 3/20/2023 105 3/20/2023 106 3/20/2023 107 二、基因轉(zhuǎn)移非生物學(xué)方法 1. 脂質(zhì)體( liposome)介導(dǎo)基因轉(zhuǎn)移 利用陽離子脂質(zhì)單體與 DNA混合,可自動形成包埋外源 DNA的脂質(zhì)體,再通過細胞的內(nèi)吞作用( endocytosis)將外源 DNA轉(zhuǎn)移至細胞內(nèi)。 A method of letting a foreign functional gene express in vivo by transfer of retrovirus vector, plasmid vector, liposome or the direct injection of 39。s geic material by inserting their geic material into the chromosomes of host cells. 3/20/2023 60 ? 目的基因的表達產(chǎn)物對疾病起治療作用 。 high requirements for equipments and conditions high expense for essential regents 3/20/2023 34 ? 技術(shù)復(fù)雜、精細,對操作人員的要求高。 ? PCR 142 bp ? BcLI ? ? 142bp 99 bp 43bp ? 電泳 ? 結(jié)果分析 ? ? p1 p2 142bp 99bp 43bp Bcl I Bcl I Bcl I + 3/20/2023 22 問 :1/ Ⅱ Ⅲ 1診斷; 2/ Ⅲ 1是男或是女發(fā)病? ? ? 142bp 99bp 1 2 1 2 3 Ⅰ Ⅱ III 1 3/20/2023 23 結(jié)果分析 ? 1)先癥者 II2具有 99bp片段而發(fā)病,該片段來自母親。最終導(dǎo)致腎功能衰竭和尿毒癥。 BMD臨床癥狀與 DMD相似,但癥狀較輕?;蛟\斷與基因治療 Gene Diagnosis and Gene Therapy Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Institute of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine 3/20/2023 1 第一節(jié) 基因診斷 ( gene diagnosis) 一、定義: Definition of gene diagnosis 基因診斷:用分子生物學(xué)技術(shù)對導(dǎo)致疾病的原因進行病原學(xué)和細胞遺傳基因的檢測分析 ,從而對相應(yīng)疾病進行診斷。 ? Gene 定位 Xp21 , Gene 2300kb,79 個Exon , cDNA全長 13974bp 編碼 3685 Aa,分子量 427kD。 ? APKD——Gene定位 16p13,但致病基因尚未克隆,基因產(chǎn)物的生化性質(zhì)和疾病發(fā)病機理也尚未闡明,但已證實 APKD Gene與 α珠蛋白基因 3`端附近的一段小衛(wèi)星 DNA序列( 3`HVR)緊密連鎖,因此,可以通過 RFLP連鎖分析進行診斷。 ? 2) II2有 142bp/99bp雜合子。 ? The variety and plexity of technology has also grown and we need a profession that deals with this situation 3/20/2023 35 ? 技術(shù)靈敏度高,很容易受到污染而出現(xiàn)假陽性。 Therapeutic effect of expression products of genes of interest on diseases. 3/20/2023 61 現(xiàn)在 :將正?;?qū)氩∽兗毎?,替代或與缺陷基因共存,產(chǎn)生正常表達產(chǎn)物補充缺陷蛋白質(zhì) Deliver normal copy of a gene into pathological cells to supplement the protein that are not expressing enough. 3/20/2023 62 ? 抑制細胞內(nèi)過度表達的基因; Deliver nucleic acid that will inactivate an overexpressed deleterious protein. 3/20/2023 63 ? 將特定基因?qū)敕遣∽兗毎?,在體內(nèi)表達特定產(chǎn)物; and transfer given gene into normal cells to let it express given gene products. 3/20/2023 64 ? 向功能異常細胞中導(dǎo)入該細胞中本來不存在的基因,利用表達產(chǎn)物達到治療疾病的目的。nude39。 Liposome, positively charged lipid droplets, can interact with negatively charged foreign DNA to wrap it up and deliver to cells via endocytosis. 3/20/2023 108 Gene transfer via cell surface receptors 受體介導(dǎo)的細胞內(nèi)吞作用是轉(zhuǎn)移特異性外源物質(zhì)進入細胞的一種方式。 The effect of repeated injection is more effective than that of single injection. 3/20/2023 116 3/20/2023 117 優(yōu)點: Advantages ? 制備簡單 easy to handle ? 排除病毒致癌的潛在危險 without carcinogenic risk of virus 3/20/2023 118 ? 不需整合即可表達 expression without needing integration ? 可反復(fù)使用 and can be administered again and again. 3/20/2023 119 三、基因轉(zhuǎn)移的靶細胞 Target cells used in gene transfer ? 目前條件下,基因治療僅限于體細胞(嚴禁進行生殖細胞的基因治療操作) ? All current human gene therapy approaches are targeted to somatic cells not germline cells. 3/20/2023 120 3/20/2023 121 ? Somatic gene therapy 3/20/2023 122 選擇轉(zhuǎn)移基因的靶細胞,要考慮幾點: How to select target cells for gene transfer? ? 1)最好是組織 特異性 細胞 Tissue specific cells are better. ? 2)細胞較易獲得, It is easy to obtain.
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