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expect to have 1,000 letters incorrectly sent to the wrong address. Six Sigma Quality (六標準差品質(zhì) ) S ix Sigma Quality 與 TQM的差異 Six Sigma Quality TQM 目標 每百萬次 缺乏明確績效衡量標準 循環(huán) D: Define(定義) M: Measure(衡量) A: Analysis(分析) I: Improve(改善) C: Control(控制) P: Plan(規(guī)劃) D: Do(執(zhí)行) C: Check(檢測) A: Action(行動) 教育 培育黑帶大師、黑、綠帶等教育程序 無特定的訓練模式 執(zhí)行 跨流程部門執(zhí)行 大部份仍重視生產(chǎn)及製造 28 Six Sigma Quality 的 DMAIC D e f i n e M e a s u rem e n t An a l y s i s Im p rov e m e n t C o n tro l階段Ⅰ 階段Ⅱ 階段Ⅲ 階段Ⅳ 階段Ⅴ確認及定義問題現(xiàn)狀分析 分析原因擬訂解決執(zhí)行方案執(zhí)行/衡量/追蹤 /控制提昇目標下個目標● 問題是什麼?● 這個問題對我 們 企業(yè)的影響 是 什麼?● 我們目前狀況 如 何?● 這個問題是什 麼 樣的結(jié)構(gòu)?● 這個問題最重 要 的原因是什 麼 ?● 我們?nèi)绾芜_成 目 標?● 我們?nèi)绾蔚弥? 問 題已獲改善?● 如何預(yù)防問題 再 發(fā)生? No, Continue… Material Received from Supplier Inspect Material for Defects Defects found? Return to Supplier for Credit Yes Can be used to find quality problems Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Flow Chart(流程圖) Can be used to identify when equipment or processes are not behaving according to specifications 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Time (Hours) Diameter Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Run Chart(進行圖) Can be used to find when 80% of the problems may be attributed to 20% of the causes Assy. Instruct. Frequency Design Purch. Training Other 80% Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Pareto Analysis(柏拉圖) Billing Errors Wrong Account Wrong Amount A/R Errors Wrong Account Wrong Amount Monday 制式化的基本表單,提供欲記錄資料的使用. Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Checksheet(查檢表) 客戶抱怨總數(shù) 客戶抱怨衡量表 延誤交貨 用來衡量各事件發(fā)生的頻率 弄錯訂單 冷的食物 口味 其他 500 - 1000- 1500- 2023- Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Histogram(直方圖) Effect事 Man(人) Machine(機器) Material(材料) Method(方法) Environment Possible causes: The results or effect Can be used to systematically track backwards to find a possible cause of a quality problem (or effect) Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Cause Effect Diagram(因果圖/魚骨圖) Can be used to monitor ongoing production process quality and quality conformance to stated standards of quality 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 LCL UCL Analytical Tools for Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement: Control Charts(管制圖) 1. Executive leaders must champion t