【正文】 nt, remuneration and the expenses of the staff of the preparation and construction office, (1)譯成漢語的主動語態(tài)：合同英文的某些被動語態(tài)，可在不改變原文主語的情況下，翻譯時將被動語態(tài)改成主動語態(tài)，不須添加任何詞。因漢語的動詞無詞形變化，所以譯成漢語被動語態(tài)時，只能通過添加一定的詞匯手段來表示。s control． 嚴格明確賣方對于自己無法控制的不可抗力，如戰(zhàn)爭、造反、火災(zāi)、罷工、政府新征稅、電報錯誤、生產(chǎn)廠商無能力或拒絕按合同生產(chǎn)致使已定貨物不能發(fā)貨或遲延發(fā)貨概不負責(zé)。例如： 　 ①All disputes in connection with or in the execution of this Contract shall be settled through friendly negotiations. Where settlement can be reached, the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration． 所有與合同有關(guān)的或在履行合同中發(fā)生的爭議，均應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商的方式解決。 　 ②In case the Buyer finds any document incorrect. the buyer is obliged to cable the Seller indicating the incorrect items. The cable shall be sent within 20(twenty)days after the Bank of China, Beijing Branch has received the Seller39。例如： 　 ①The manufacturers shall，before the goods is delivered over, make a precise and prehensive inspection of the goods with regard to its quality, specifications, performance and quantity, weight, and Issue inspection certificates certifying the technical data and conclusion of the inspection． 制造商應(yīng)對貨物的質(zhì)量、規(guī)格、性能和數(shù)量、重量進行一絲不茍和全面的檢驗，出具檢驗證明書，證實檢驗的技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)和結(jié)論后，才能發(fā)貨。因此，定語從句在合同英語中的應(yīng)用較廣泛。 　 ④Shipment shall be menced within 10 months counting from the date when the contract has e into force and pleted within 16 months． 自合同生效之日起計算，10個月內(nèi)裝運，16個月內(nèi)交付完畢。 　 ③ Should the Sellers fail to make delivery on time as stipulated in the contract, with the exception of Force Majeure specified in Clause 18 to this Contract, the buyers shall agree to postpone the delivery on condition that the Sellers agree to pay a penalty which shall be deducted by the paying bank from the payment under negotiation 如果賣方并非因本合同第18條規(guī)定的不可抗力事件而未按合同規(guī)定的期限交貨，那么只要賣方同意支付罰金，并由付款行從議付貨款中扣除，買方便同意延期交貨。 　 非限制性定語從句比較簡短，或與主句關(guān)系較密切，或與其他修飾名詞的定語關(guān)系較密切時，要采用合譯法，即將其譯成“……的”。乙方提供的全部機械及輔助設(shè)備及所有測量和檢測儀器，附配件用幣作價，甲方提供給乙方的補償商品則按簽訂合同時甲方出口貨物的人民幣計價，以當(dāng)時的人民幣對______幣的匯率折算為_________幣。 　 ③The party, who sets up a breach of the Contract, shall be under a duty to take all necessary measures to mitigate the loss which has occurred．違反合同的一方有責(zé)任采取所有必要的措施減輕已經(jīng)發(fā)生的損失。 　 notes 　 　 　 ②If within thirty days of the giving of such notice no successor Agent shall have been so appointed and accepted such appointment, the retiring Agent may appoint a successor Agent,　which shall be a bank having a bined capital and surplus of at least USE) 50,000,000, or equivalent thereof in another currency, or an affiliate of such a bank. 如果在作出上述通知的30天內(nèi)，接替的代理行沒有被指定或沒有接受這種指定，則已卸任的代理行可指定一個接替的代理行，這個接替代理行的聯(lián)合資本和盈余至少有5000萬美元或與其值相當(dāng)?shù)钠渌鈳牛蛘呤沁@家銀行的附屬機構(gòu)。 　 ⑥“Net Selling Price” means the price at which the product is sold by Party B from time to time after deduction of packing, installation and freight charges, trade and quantity discount, mission, Insurance and modity tax, if any, directly applicable of Product． “凈銷售價”，是指在扣除合同產(chǎn)品的包裝費、安裝費、運輸費、商業(yè)和數(shù)量折扣、傭金、保險費和商品稅之后，乙方通常銷售合同產(chǎn)品的價格。例如： 　 ①If the Buyer is unable o sell out the amount of goods which he has agreed to purchase from the Seller, the Buyer may reduce the quantity Of goods to be delivered to him by giving written notice thereof to the Seller before the shipment is made． 如果買方不能銷售他已同意從賣方所購數(shù)量的貨物，買方可以書面通知賣方減少發(fā)貨數(shù)量，再要求賣方發(fā)貨。實際上，合同英語中使用最廣泛的狀語從句，應(yīng)屬條件從句。例如： 　 ①When one party to the Joint Venture Company assigns all or part of his investment, the other party has preemptive right． 如果合資公司一方擬轉(zhuǎn)讓其全部或部分出資額，另一方有優(yōu)先購買權(quán)。 　 (2)由after引出的狀語從句，一般處理成“……之日起”較為嚴謹。我們在此要討論的主要是其翻譯方法。 　 ③All the equipment and materials supplied the Seller shall be inspected the Buyer and the quality certificates and inspection and test records shall be issued the manufacturer． 賣方所提供的全部設(shè)備和材料將由買方負責(zé)檢驗；質(zhì)量合格證、檢驗和試驗記錄應(yīng)由制造廠出具。s Port． 一旦貨物交運，賣方應(yīng)通過專門的信使，最好是通過DHL向買方寄送下列文件，以便盡可能在貨船預(yù)期抵達進口國港口的日期前10天送達買方手中。 　 ②If a foreign auditor registered in other country is necessary to be employed to undertake annual financial checking and examination. Party A shall give consent. All the expenses thereof shall be borne by Party B． 如果需要聘請其他國家的審計師對年度的財務(wù)進行審查，甲方應(yīng)予以同意。s designated account with the Bank of China, Beijing, China． 買方應(yīng)以美元支付買方貨款，并以電匯的方式匯至賣方指定的在中國銀行北京分行的賬戶。合同英語中被動語態(tài)所表達的概念，譯成漢語時大多采用主動語態(tài)表示。 n production cooperation in accordance with the technical knowhow specified in the Patent． 本合同的目的在于乙方希望引進專利，按專利提供的技術(shù)訣竅進行合作生產(chǎn)。例如： 　 ①Any disputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with the Contract shall be settled through friendly consultations between both Parties． I n case n settlement can be reached through consultations. the disputes shall be submitted for arbitration． 凡由執(zhí)行本合同所發(fā)生的或與本合同有關(guān)的一切爭議，雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決，如果協(xié)商不能解決，應(yīng)提交仲裁。 the Seller may continue using this packing in the future． 買方認為，如果紙板箱包裝的效果使買方用戶滿意，則賣方在今后的業(yè)務(wù)中可繼續(xù)使用這種包裝。在譯成漢語時，為使上下文連貫，或突出表語所述的內(nèi)容，可將原句中的表語轉(zhuǎn)換為漢語的主語。s factory for training， and the total number of the participants shall not exceed 320(excluding the interpreter)。 　 ②The Guarantee Period shall start from the exact date on which the Purchaser receives notification in writing from the Vendor that Plant is ready for dispatch from the Works． 擔(dān)保期限的具體日期自買方收到賣方發(fā)出的、并告知已隨時可從工廠發(fā)運的書面通知起開始計算。譯成漢語時，將英語的被動語態(tài)改譯為漢語的主動語態(tài)，主語轉(zhuǎn)換為賓語。s failure to make such delivery． 賣方必須在購貨訂單規(guī)定的時間內(nèi)交貨，否則，買方可取消訂貨，而不承擔(dān)任何損失，并要求賣方賠償由不交貨所造成的一切損失。 從句的翻譯 Useful Words and Phrases常用詞語 Reflections and Practice思考與實踐 BACK 　 　 　 Theme Presentation主題描述 　 　 英漢兩種語言，在句法結(jié)構(gòu)、表達方式等方面存在著很大的差異。為了獲得準確、嚴謹、規(guī)范的譯文，譯者不能把自己局限在原文的語言形式中。 原文的名詞delivery作主語，轉(zhuǎn)換為譯文的動詞“交貨”作謂語，同時在主語的位置加譯了“賣方”二字。例如：