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【正文】 atement ? Introduce main points of your speech. – Introduce your topic – You need to explain your topic to those people who do not know about it. Do not go into the details, simple definition is enough. This speech element is required. – Explain your point – This is where you explain your view in detail. ? State your point ? State a Reason ? Give an Example ? Restate the Point ?Summary. Restate thesis and main points. ?Call to action. ? The Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle identified three tactics which persuasive speakers had available to persuade an audience, which he called Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. ? 2300多年前的古希臘哲學(xué)家 Aristotle（ 亞里斯多德 ） 在他的 《 雄辯的藝術(shù) 》 (The Art of Rhetoric)這本書里就曾經(jīng)論述過：一次成功的演說只有包含了 “ ethos, logos and pathos‖這三方面才會(huì)有效果和說服力 。 ? A few examples of Pathos appeals: ? a. Appeal to Fear – The speaker arouses fear in the audience by describing something bad that could happen, then tells the audience that the can be relieved of that fear by simply doing what the speaker desires. ? b. Appeal to Social Support – The speaker tells the audience that their perspective is a popular one. The audience is supposed to think that because the position is so popular, it must have some merit. ?c. Appeal to Scarcity – The speaker shows the audience how they can get some more of a scarce modity (usually time or money) by doing what the speaker desires. ?d. Appeal to Authority – The speaker tells the audience that people ―in the know‖ support the speaker’s perspective. ?LOGOS ——represents the logical argument ?Logos這個(gè)希臘語詞所代表的意思就是邏輯性和條理性。 ?In your hands, my fellow citizens, more than in mine, will rest the final success or failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of young Americans who answered the call to service surround the globe. ?公民們，我們方針的最終成敗與其說掌握在我手中，不如說掌握在你們手中。 ?And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your coun
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