中國(guó)有源相控陣技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r及其戰(zhàn)略影響-文庫吧在線文庫
【正文】 ectronically scanned arrays (ESA) and mechanically scanned arrays (MSA). This article largely focus on more technical aspects of AESAs but the basics of AESAs are cogently detailed by Karlo Kopp in Active Electronically Steered Arrays A Maturing Technology.對(duì)比較早的電子掃描陣列（無源相控陣）雷達(dá)和機(jī)械掃描雷達(dá)，有源相控陣?yán)走_(dá)具有在探測(cè)性能、可靠性和電子戰(zhàn)方面均有大幅提升。更加先進(jìn)的封裝技術(shù)可制造體積更小的T/R組件，從而提高了陣面上的T/R組件布局密度。因此，AESA系統(tǒng)工作期間所產(chǎn)生的大量熱量需要耗散，以避免發(fā)射部分芯片變?yōu)樯榛墶叭蹱t”——高可靠性的砷化鎵微波單片集成電路需配備更佳的散熱器。Chinese defense forums have posted copies of the image above which claim to cite the J20’s AESA T/R module count at 1,856, the J16’s at 1,760, and the J10B at 1,200 T/R modules. It is likely the J10B is the first Chinese fighter aircraft to feature an AESA。Russia’s first fighter mounted AESA radar, the ZhukAE, contained 652 T/R modules and was unveiled in 2007. The Israeli ELM2052 AESA radar, which has been marketed for both the F16 and the FA50 – a joint Korean Aerospace Industry and Lockheed Martin F16 derivative, has roughly 512 T/R modules (Trimble, 2014). The only firm outside of the United States that was able to produce a 1,000 T/R element within one generation was the French avionics firm Thales with its RB2E radar (Avionics Today, 2009). While the relative technological maturity of European, Israeli, and Russian AESAs is not directly indicative of the relative technological maturity of China’s packaging technology, it is an indicator that the first generation AESA produced by China is likely not on par with the US which is generally recognized as having the most technological mature T/R packaging technology (Kopp, 2014).俄羅斯首款裝備戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的AESA雷達(dá)——ZhukAE，包含652個(gè)T/R組件，并在2007年首次公開亮相。憑借更寬敞的機(jī)頭鼻錐部分容量，J16和J20所裝備的AESA雷達(dá)可能擁有比J10B更多數(shù)量的T/R組件。The tentative designation for the J2039。若不能有效解決散熱問題，1475型雷達(dá)將不能提供可靠的最大功率發(fā)射性能，并帶來重大的維護(hù)問題。s situational awareness while minimizing the chance that its signals will be distant targets get less radar attention。作戰(zhàn)包線概念的建立，使得自動(dòng)化傳感器任務(wù)規(guī)劃和高效傳感器使用更加便捷，均歸功于最小化陣面輻射所獲得的更佳的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)感知（Ronald W. Brower, 2001）。 Wall, 2011）。s avionics package*. The F3539?！薄狟ill Sweetman，2001。AESA系統(tǒng)輻射可觀的能量，特別是擁有更多數(shù)量T/R組件的AESA系統(tǒng)，更容易向被動(dòng)輻射定位系統(tǒng)暴露自己的位置。s thermal management system (Kopp, 2008). Without an effective cooling system, the Type 1475 would not be reliable at peak power output and would cause significant maintenance issues. Furthermore, with such a high number of T/R modules, the Type 1475 would be vulnerable to radar warning receiver (RWR) systems such as the ALR94 without a very capable low probability intercept (LPI) mode.J20 AESA系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì)為1475型。相類似地，最先進(jìn)的美式戰(zhàn)機(jī)所裝備的APG77(V)2 和APG82(V)1雷達(dá)同樣擁有約1500個(gè)T/R組件。Image 4: T/R module count of US AESAs based upon the 2001 Defense Science Board report Future DoD Airborne HighFrequency Radar Needs/Resources(link provided in Source 1 citation, refer to page 6). Image Credit: Air Power Australia, 2008.圖4：美國(guó)AESA系統(tǒng)T/R組件數(shù)量，數(shù)據(jù)來自美國(guó)國(guó)防科學(xué)委員會(huì)2001年報(bào)告《未來國(guó)防機(jī)載高頻雷達(dá)需求和資源》。因此，如果有人假設(shè)中國(guó)已經(jīng)在封裝技術(shù)方面已經(jīng)或部分達(dá)到美國(guó)的水平，那么1200個(gè)T/R組件的數(shù)字可信度值得商榷，或至少略微被夸大了。這種熱交換機(jī)可以是類似汽車引擎散熱器的風(fēng)冷器，也可以是安放在油箱中的浸入式熱交換器。美國(guó)不再制造4聯(lián)裝T/R組件，轉(zhuǎn)而制造獨(dú)立封裝的T/R組件。s nose.三個(gè)主要因素決定了戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)雷達(dá)可容納的T/R組件數(shù)量：飛機(jī)機(jī)頭的容積容量、T/R組件封裝技術(shù)的成熟度，以及雷達(dá)的熱管理系統(tǒng)的工作效率。作者注：在J31航空電子設(shè)備研制過程中（在《國(guó)外隱身戰(zhàn)機(jī)威脅分析第二部分：沈飛J31》中將進(jìn)行說明），目前尚沒有多少足夠可信，或經(jīng)證實(shí)，以及非投機(jī)性的解放軍戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)雷達(dá)資料。APG63(V)2是世界范圍內(nèi)最先裝備戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)并投入使用的雷達(dá)。位于埃爾門多的美國(guó)F15C單位夫于2000年最先接收該新型雷達(dá)。一些基礎(chǔ)信息，例如裝備特定戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的名稱或型號(hào)與其生產(chǎn)廠商有關(guān)；中國(guó)國(guó)產(chǎn)雷達(dá)的性能參數(shù)很難被證實(shí)。機(jī)頭部位的容積是一個(gè)相當(dāng)直觀的約束條件，飛機(jī)鼻錐部位容積越大，雷達(dá)
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