【正文】
和種間競爭作用(petition),二者相伴而生(Vandermeer,1989)。合理的間套作復(fù)合群體結(jié)構(gòu),改善了高位作物田間小氣候,提高其產(chǎn)量,但是多數(shù)矮位作物卻處于劣勢而導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)量降低(Reedy和Willey,1981:Francis,1982:向義君,1981;成升魁,1985;張訓(xùn)忠,1987;李風(fēng)超等,1988;李增嘉,1990:鄒超亞,1991;陳雨海等,1991:張保仁,1995)。在我國北方(成升魁,1990)小麥、玉米兩熟的光溫生產(chǎn)力大致在19 50022500 kg.hm~,其中小麥/玉米高于小麥一玉米高于小麥{J玉米(/為套種、lI為問作、一為接茬復(fù)種)。但是在基礎(chǔ)方面有一段的基礎(chǔ),就目前而言,在我國育種家的不斷努力下育出的新品種,為世界人民脫貧致富做出了杰出的貢獻,而現(xiàn)今國內(nèi)外在農(nóng)業(yè)上的研究主要趨向于提高單產(chǎn)和新品種選育上;提高單產(chǎn),以及提出新的種植方式。許多研究表明,間套作能使光熱資源利用率提高,增幅高達20%,這可能是由于間套作提高了籽粒灌漿過程中各作物功能葉片內(nèi)葉綠素含量和光合速率 [3]。玉米由過去作為口糧向現(xiàn)在的飼料、工業(yè)原料方向轉(zhuǎn)變(佟屏亞,1995),玉米已發(fā)展成為世界重要的糧食、經(jīng)濟、飼料兼用的作物(佟屏亞,1994)。共處期的營養(yǎng)管理是間套作增產(chǎn)增效的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),玉米間作花生雖然可能出現(xiàn)密植效應(yīng)、營養(yǎng)異質(zhì)效應(yīng)、正對等效應(yīng)、補償效應(yīng)等作物間的互補效應(yīng),但是共處期兩種作物同時快速生長競爭是難免的,故加強共處期的營養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)研究是必不可少的。特此聲明。關(guān)鍵詞 : 玉米,花生,共生期,營養(yǎng)管理 貴 貴州大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計) 第 III 頁 Corn and peanut symbiosis of Nutrition Management Technology AbstractIn this study, using three factors and three levels of the orthogonal design method. Building on the corn and peanuts, 1 yellow waxy flowers on the 27th your intercropping two species, different nutrient management treatments of corn and peanut yield and nutritional quality of a systematic study to investigate a reasonable period of maize and peanut symbiosis provide a basis for nutrient management. Coexistence of nutrient management is the key to increasing yield and profit intercropping technology, corn intercropping peanut Although the effect may be dense, nutrient heterogeneity effect, being equivalent, the pensation effect between the plementary effects of other crops, but the coexistence of two kinds of crops Rapid growth at the same time petition is inevitable, therefore strengthening the coexistence of nutritional management technology is essential. Overall efficiency is relatively high. With the increase of fertilizer and the symbiosis of corn nutrient management, corn production is also significantly different, in the same processing, fertilizer to increase maize production has increased, and when more than a certain amount of time, production of fresh material and dry matter content and yield increase but not decrease. The same treatment, peanut production is also increased with increasing N fertilizer, while the highest are 60kg/hm2 in different nutrient management corn on peanut yield and quality have an impact on corn to the bottom of the leaf of treatment, the highest yield of peanuts, relatively good quality. Both corn and peanut prehensive economic benefits of intercropping maize and peanuts, is feasible, in the corn leaves to the bottom of the 225kg/hm2 N fertilizer in the case of corn and peanuts, the maximum economic benefits. Key words: corn, peanuts, symbiotic period, nutrient management 貴 貴州大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計) 第 1 頁 1 前言玉米是我國主要的糧食作物,玉米是主要的糧食作物,也是優(yōu)良的飼料和工業(yè)原料(張起君等,1991。隨著N肥的增加,玉米與花生的產(chǎn)量都會隨著增加,都是當肥料增加到一定量的時候,增加肥料,不僅不能增加產(chǎn)量,而且有可能使產(chǎn)量下降。筆者通過研究玉米花生間作體系中間作玉米的千物質(zhì)積累與分配特點,為肥料調(diào)控,實現(xiàn)玉米花生間作高產(chǎn)提供理論依據(jù) 【26】 。在較低的生產(chǎn)水平下,間混套作可增加產(chǎn)量的穩(wěn)定性,減少農(nóng)業(yè)投入,培肥地力(Agboola,F(xiàn)ayemi,1972;Andrews,1972;Francis,Sanders,1978:Mohta,1983;Rao,willey,1980)。種植密度是影響復(fù)合群體整體產(chǎn)量的關(guān)鍵(劉巽浩,1981:李鳳超,1988)。(2)間套作改善了群體內(nèi)的光分布,提高作物光的截獲率與轉(zhuǎn)化效率(Reddy,1981)。可見,在豆科ll非豆科間作體系中,非豆科作物對豆科作物固氮的影響具有兩面性:一方面非豆科作物競爭吸收豆科作物根區(qū)有效氮,刺激豆科作物固氮能力增強;另一方玉米花生間作復(fù)臺群體中氮磷吸收利用特征與種間效應(yīng)的研究面,禾本科作物對豆科作物遮光,降低了光合速率,減少寄主向根瘤運輸碳水化合物數(shù)量,影響了根瘤固氮酶活性和固氮量(Rovira,1959)。(3)共生期間花生追肥量研究在玉米花生間作系統(tǒng)的共生期,給玉米分別追施純氮30kg/hm60kg/hm 90kg/hm 2的追肥,觀測對花生產(chǎn)質(zhì)量的影響。 貴 貴州大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計) 第 7 頁 測定指標及方法 測定指標玉米樣品測定指標包括:穗長、穗粗、穗重、百粒重、穗粒數(shù)、穗行數(shù)、粗蛋白、粗脂肪。在小區(qū) 8 中,小區(qū) 5 的各 貴 貴州大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計) 第 9 頁 個指標高于他 2 個小區(qū),因此,在不進行任何處理的情況下,追肥量的提高在一定范圍內(nèi)對玉米的產(chǎn)量也有作用,都是超過一定范圍,追肥量的提高對玉米產(chǎn)量沒有增效,反而會影響產(chǎn)量。由表 3 可以看出小區(qū)