【正文】 word lateral in the passage indicates a location at the ? Front ? Back ? Top ? Side 11. Why does the author point out that The eyes of some Burgess anisms sat on stalks? ? To suggest that some Burgess anisms had a greater range of vision than do living shrimp and crabs ? To explain why it is thought that one of the lateral pairs of eyes in Opabinia may have been movable ? To explain why the eyes of some Burgess animals were not recognizable as such before they were reconstructed ? To support the statement that the reconstructed eyes of Burgess animals look superficially like the eyes of some living crustaceans Paragraph 6: Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates that eyes have been around for a very long time, it is unlikely that these were the first eyes。s core. Much of the early continental crust has remained on Earth39。s magic field 8. According to paragraph 2, Earth39。s surface to the present day. 10. According to paragraph 3, Earth39。s first stable atmosphere? ? It existed before Earth was yet fully formed. ? It contained very little hydrogen and helium. ? It contained only materials that had bubbled up through Earth39。s surface to the present day. ■ 13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Even some of its oldest portions as old as billion years can still be found in parts of Canada, Australia, South Africa, and Greenland. 14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This questions is worth 2 points. Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. Answer Choices ? Early Earth39。s surface. TPO363 Energy and the industrial Revolution For years historians have sought to identify crucial elements in the eighteenthcentury rise in industry, technology, and economic power known as the Industrial Revolution, and many give prominence to the problem of energy. Until the eighteenth century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power. Increased efficiency in the use of water and wind helped with such tasks as pumping, milling, or sailing. However, by the eighteenth century, Great Britain in particular was experiencing an energy shortage. Wood, the primary source of heat for homes and industries and also used in the iron industry as processed charcoal, was diminishing in supply. Great Britain had large amounts of coal。s surface. ? Early Earth39。s surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the betterinsulated materials in Earth39。s early core and mantle to gradually increase Paragraph 4: The lightest materials of all, including gases such as hydrogen and helium, bubbled through Earth39。s surface, where they cooled more rapidly than the better insulated materials in Earth39。s first stable atmosphere. Paragraph 1: In order to understand the origin of Earth39。s surface, the lightest silicates rose to Earth39。 at least one of the lateral pairs had stalks that could have been movable. And some trilobitelike animals in the Burgess Shale had faceted eyes much like those of later fossil trilobites. Although the presence of eyes on some of the Burgess animals indicates that eyes have been around for a very long time, it is unlikely that these were the first eyes。 they seem much too large and (potentially) well developed to be brand new inventions. The best we can do is put the origin of eyes somewhere between the beginning of the Cambrian explo sion, about 600 million years ago, and the death of the Burgess animals, some 530 million years ago. Paragraph 1: Putting a date on the first appearance of eyes depends on what one means by eye. If the term refers to a multicellular an, even if it has just a few cells, then by definition, eyes could not form before there were multicellular animals. But many protists (animallike, plantlike, or funguslike unicellular anisms that require a waterbased environment) can detect light by using aggregations of pigment molecules, and they use this information to modify their metabolic activity or motility (the ability to move spontaneously and independently). One of the familiar living examples, probably known to anyone who has taken a biology class, is the aquatic protozoan Euglena, which has an eyespot near its motile fIagellum (hairlike structure). Some living protists are very like their ancestral forms embedded in ancient sedimentary rocks, and this similarity suggests that the ability to detect light and modify behavior in response to light has been around for a very long time. Animals arose from one of such unicellular creatures, perhaps from one already specialized for a primitive kind of vision. 1. The word “aggregations” in the passage is closest in meaning to ? Parts. ? Reactions. ? Groups. ? Types. 2. Paragraph 1 supports all of the following statements about protists EXCEPT: ? Some are multicellular. ? Some are able to move. ? Some have pigment molecules. ? They live in environments that contain moisture. 3. According to paragraph 1, what have scientists concluded from the fact that some living protists are very like their ancestral forms ? The eye did not evolve until multicellular anisms arose. ? The ability to detect light and change behavior in response to light has existed for a long time. ? The ancestral forms of these living protists likely had an eyespot near the motile flagellum. ? The ancestral forms of these living pro