【正文】 s the heat capacity of the materials that constitute the city, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heat from the Sun can be conducted into these materials have a significantly lower heat capacity because a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out of the ground. The second factor is that radiant heat ing into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloud like layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing long wave radiation does。s rock art is constantly being revised, and earlier datings have been proposed as the result of new discoveries. {27} █{/27}Currently, eliable scientific evidence dates the earliest creation of art on rock surfaces in Australia to somewhere between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago. {27}█ {/27}This in itself is an almost inprehensible span of generations, and one that makes Australia39。 that is about a third of the Dutch population. [2]Importing the grain, which would have been expensive and time consuming for the Dutch to have produced themselves, kept the price of grain low and thus stimulated individual demand for other foodstuffs and consumer goods.[/2] Apart from this, being able to give up laborintensive grain production freed both the land and the workforce far more productive agricultural divisions. The peasants specialized in livestock husbandry and dairy farming as well as in cultivating industrial crops and fodder crops: flax, madder, and rape were grown, as were tobacco, hops, and turning. These products were bought mostly by 滿分網(wǎng)（ ） urban businesses. There was also a demand among urban consumers far dairy products such as butter and cheese, which, in the sixteenth century, had bee more expensive than grain. The high prices encouraged the peasants to improve their animal husbandry techniques。 the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface. Cities, then, are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, and together they produce a phenomenon known as the urban heat island. Heat islands develop best under particular conditions associated with light winds, but they can form almost any time. {13}█ {/13}The precise [7]configuration[/7] of a heat island depends on several factors. {13}█ {/13}For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. {13}█ {/13}When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme。s rock art the oldest continuous art tradition in the world. {27}█ {/27} Although the remarkable antiquity of Australia39。 with little water available for the cooling process of evaporation, relative humidities are usually lower. Wind movements also [11]modified[/11] in cities because buildings increase the friction on air flowing around them. This friction tends to slow the speed of winds, making them far less efficient at dispersing pollutants. On the other hand, air turbulence increases because of the effect of skyscrapers on airflow. Rainfall is also increased in cities. The cause appears to be in part greater turbulence in the urban atmosphere as hot air rises from the builtup surface. Right Answer:3 1. The word “enormous” in the passage is closest in meaning to growing frightening very large strictly controlled Right Answer:2 2. The word “surpass” in the passage is closest in meaning to remain below be higher than add to e close to Right Answer:2 3. According to paragraph 2, how soon heat from a warmed house reaches the outside air greatly affected by how well the house is heated how well the house is insulated how many adults live in the house 滿分網(wǎng)（ ） how much sunshine the house receives Right Answer:3 4. According to paragraph 3, each of the following contributes to making urban areas warmer than the surrounding countryside EXCEPT the fuel burned by motor vehicels the capacity to store heat of the materials used in building a city the easy flow of heat into the ground in city areas covered by vegetation the repeated reflection of solar radiation back and forth among buildings Right Answer:4 5. According to paragraph 3, why do materials in the countryside have a lower heat capacity than materials in cities do? In the countryside in the Sun is the only important source of heat. Construction materials in the city are not as good at keeping buildings warm as they are in the countryside In the countryside the solar heatthat flows into the ground flows out again quickly Countryside vegetation prevents heat from being trapped in the ground Right Answer:1 6. How is paragraph 3 anized? It describes two factors that contribute to the increased heat of cities and then provides two causes for the second factor It describes two causes discovered in an early analysis of the increased heat of cities It describes two factors that contribute to the increased heat of cities and two other factors that work against it It describes two wellestablished causes of the increased heat of cities and other two whose roles are less well understood Right Answer:4 word “configuration” in the passage is closest in meaning to location history temperature shape Right Answer:3 8. According to paragraph 4, what can explain the substantial differences in temperature between one area and other within a welldeveloped heat island? The overall size of the heat island that includes the two reasons The intensify of the heat island that includes the two areas Differences between the two areas in the general level of activity, including traffi