【正文】 t systematic reflection on teaching required a sound ability to understand classroom events in an objective manner. They describe the initial understanding in the teachers with whom they were working as being utilitarian...and not rich or detailed enough to drive systematic reflection. Teachers rarely have the time or opportunities to view their own or the teaching of others in an objective manner. Further observation revealed the tendency of teachers to evaluate events rather than review the contributory factors in a considered manner by, in effect, standing outside the situation. Helping this group of teachers to revise their thinking about classroom events became central. ■This process took time and patience and effective trainers. ■The researchers estimate that the initial training of the same teachers to view events objectively took between 20 and 30 hours, with the same number of hours again being required to practice the skills of reflection. ■Wildman and Niles identify three principles that facilitate reflective practice in a teaching situation. ■The first is support from administrators in an education system, enabling teachers to understand the requirements of reflective practice and how it relates to teaching students. The second is the availability of sufficient time and space. The teachers in the program described how they found it difficult to put aside the immediate demands of others in order to give themselves the time they needed to develop their reflective skills. The third is the development of a collaborative environment with support from other teachers. Support and encouragement were also required to help teachers in the program cope with aspects of their professional life with which they were not fortable. Wildman and Niles make a summary ment: Perhaps the most important thing we learned is the idea of the teacherasreflectivepractitioner will not happen simply because it is a good or even pelling idea.The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties of instituting reflective practice. Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession39。A的time做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第三句，原文說沒有時間做，選項(xiàng)說計(jì)算時間，完全不是一回事，錯；B的detailed descriptions做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第二句，原文說老師們對reflection的理解不夠細(xì)致，答案說對方法的描述不夠細(xì)致，不是一回事，不選；C的cause與原文最后一句中的contributory factors同義重合，原文說evaluate rather than review，也就是沒review原因，與C的examine原因是同義替換，正確；D沒提及○Correctly calculate the amount of time needed for reflection○Provide sufficiently detailed descriptions of the methods they used to help them reflect○Examine thoughtfully the possible causes of events in their classrooms○Establish realistic goals for themselves in practicing reflectionParagraph 4: 8. How is paragraph 4 related to other aspects of the discussion of reflection in the passage?8. 問整段的題看第一句，說幫助這些老師改變他們對課堂事件的想法是非常重要的，前一段說了很多老師們面對課堂事件時產(chǎn)生的問題，所以這段提出的是解決方法，所以答案是A。原句說觀點(diǎn)怎么了前面的東西。下一句說如果熊有吃的人也有，就是人能活下來，inhospitable所在的這句因?yàn)橛衒ormerly believed就說明人們之前認(rèn)為不能活下來，所以C不危險反了；A和D都沒說 ○not familiar○not suitable○not dangerous○not reachable11. According to paragraph 5, the most recent geologic research provides support for a first colonization of America dating as far back as 11. 以firsr colonization of America做關(guān)鍵詞定位至最后一句，B正確○16,000 years ago○14,000 years ago ○12,500 years ago ○10,000 years agoParagraph 6: 12. The word impetus in the passage is closest in meaning to12. impetus推動力，刺激，所以D的incentive正確。s hypothesis○According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived the longest along the west coast of the Americas. Paragraph 4: 7. The author39。A和C都不對，原文沒說前面的理論是基于這個事實(shí)的，B錯，D正確 ○discuss why the theory was rapidly accepted but then rejected○present the evidence on which the theory was based○cite evidence that now shows that the theory is incorrect○explain why the theory was not initially considered plausible4. The phrase prior to is closest in meaning to 4. prior to在……之前，想到priority優(yōu)先，所以A對。s argument that the original migration occurred much later than had previously been believed○the demonstration that certain previously accepted radiocarbon dates were incorrect○evidence that the continental ice began its final retreat much later than had previously been believed○research showing that the icefree corridor was not as long lasting as had been widely assumed2. The word persuasively in the passage is closest in meaning to 2. persuasively有說服力的，令人信服的，所以C的convincingly正確。C說fact lend strength to他的hypothesis，所以正確。原文說沿岸的怎么樣的地區(qū)沒有冰了，給人和動物提供了遷徙的通道，只有大片地方都沒有冰，才能形成通道。C之后的he與前文過渡緊密；B的 but與之前過渡緊密Moreover, other evidence suggests that even if an icefree corridor did exist, it would have lacked the resources needed for human colonization.Where could the sentence best fit?14. Recent evidence favors a rival to the longstanding theory that the Americas were colonized 11,00012,000 years ago by people migrating south from Beringia along a midcontinental icefree corridor14. evidence選項(xiàng)是第一段的一個細(xì)節(jié)，不選there is growing選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)原文第二段第一句，正確recent選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)原文第四段最后一句，正確research選項(xiàng)原文沒說，不選there is evidence選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)原文第五段的后兩句，正確 even though選項(xiàng)與第六段說的相反，北面已經(jīng)住了很多人，不選●●●Answer Choices1. Evidence that an icefree corridor between two ice sheets developed when the continental ice first began to melt came primarily from radiocarbon dating.2. There is growing support for the theory that migration took place much earlier, by sea, following a coastal route along Alaska and down the northwest coast.3. Recent geologic evidence indicates that contrary to what had been believed, substantial areas along the coast were free of ice as early as 16,000 years ago.4. Research now indicates that the parts of the inner continental shelf that remained covered with ice were colonized by a variety of early human groups well adapted to living in extremely cold environments.5. There is evid