【正文】 schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one39。 鋼琴家們則不用操這份心，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)音符都已在那里等待著他們了。 作曲家寫完了一部作品，得由 演奏者將其演奏出來(lái)，其他人才能得以欣賞。 每一代人似乎都需要 獨(dú)有的一套詞匯來(lái)描述熟知的物體和事件。 third, association among the subgroups and the majority population Finally, it is worth noting that the terms standard colloquial and slang exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions. 語(yǔ)言的類型 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)用法包括那些為使用這種語(yǔ)言的大多數(shù)人在任何場(chǎng)合下理解、使用和 接受的詞和短語(yǔ)，而不論該場(chǎng)合是否正式。 今天很多美國(guó)的大城市其實(shí)就是靠吞并它們附近的邊緣地區(qū)而 變成大都會(huì)的。s were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the munities along their borders. With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and acpanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first mercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horsedrawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar works crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the pact industrial city into a dispersed first phase of massscale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for homeownership in neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of singlefamily housing tracts. 郊區(qū)的發(fā)展 如果 郊區(qū) 指的是比已建好的城市內(nèi)部發(fā)展更為迅速的城市邊緣地帶，那 么郊區(qū)化可以說(shuō)始于 1825 年至 1850 年工業(yè)化城市出現(xiàn)期間。 加拿大的第一大批講英語(yǔ)的流 入人口來(lái) 自于成千上萬(wàn)英王的效忠者， 這些人從美國(guó)逃到了加拿大。 03 American Revolution The American Revolution was not a revolution in the sense of a radical or total change. It was not a sudden and violent overturning of the political and social framework, such as later occurred in France and Russia, when both were already independent nations. Significant changes were ushered in, but they were not breathtaking. What happened was accelerated evolution rather than outright revolution. During the conflict itself people went onworking and praying, marrying and playing. Most of them were not seriously disturbed by the actual fighting, and many of the more isolated munities scarcely knew that a war was on. America39。 他反對(duì)施舍救濟(jì)，更愿意提供教育機(jī)會(huì)，使別人自立。 Andrew Carnegie, known as the King of Steel, built the steel industry in the United States, and, in the process, became one of the wealthiest men in America. His success resulted in part from his ability to sell the product and in part from his policy of expanding during periods of economic decline, when most of his petitors were reducing their investments. Carnegie believed that individuals should progress through hard work, but he also felt strongly that the wealthy should use their fortunes for the benefit of society. He opposed charity, preferring instead to provide educational opportunities that would allow others to help themselves. He who dies rich, dies disgraced, he often said. Among his more noteworthy contributions to society are those that bear his name, including the Carnegie Institute of Pittsburgh, which has a library, a museum of fine arts, and a museum of national history. He also founded a school of technology that is now part of CarnegieMellon University. Other philanthropic gifts are the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace to promote understanding between nations, the Carnegie Institute of Washington to fund scientific research, and Carnegie Hall to provide a center for the arts. Few Americans have been left untouched by Andrew Carnegie39。電視這 個(gè)領(lǐng)域可以根據(jù)其發(fā)射方式分為兩類。 01 Television Television the most pervasive and persuasive of modern technologies, marked by rapid change and growth is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by the marriage of television and puter technologies. The word television, derived from its Greek (tele: distant) and Latin (visio: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance. Very simply put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image(focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, which can be sent through a wire or cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver (television set), can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image. Television is more than just an electronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for munication, and as such bees a powerful