【正文】 然而，現(xiàn)代考古學(xué)通 過運用適當?shù)募夹g(shù)和比較的方法，在從泥炭、沙漠和凍土中所獲得的一些幸運發(fā)現(xiàn)的輔助下， 能夠填充這個空缺的很大部分。 我說的話，你通過空氣振動聽見，這 當然是人類造成的物質(zhì)變化，也可能有重大的歷史意義，但這些話在考古學(xué)中未留下絲毫痕 跡，除非有人用錄音機錄下來或文書把這些話寫了下來。 更簡潔地說，是石化了的人類行為。 考古學(xué)資料本身也是一種 歷史文獻，而不僅僅是文字資料的例證。 首先通過一個講解人來運用模仿、表演和對話，然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色； 另一個與之緊密相關(guān)的理論將考研 1 號英語話題寫作第一書《寫作 160 篇》連續(xù) 5 年命中寫作原題 《寫作 160 篇》全面涵蓋當年可考話題，經(jīng)典話題精心選材， 文章分類層次 清晰，范文重點句式詳細點評。 另外，儀式中還有演員， 而且宗教領(lǐng)袖通常承擔演出任務(wù)，因為在儀式的執(zhí)行中避免錯誤的發(fā)生被認為有相當大的重 要性；他們經(jīng)常帶著面具，穿著服裝象演員那樣扮演其它人、動物或超自然的生靈，用動作 來表演以達到所需 要的效果，比如打獵的成功或戰(zhàn)斗的勝利、將至的雨、太陽的復(fù)活。 他們試圖通過各種方式去控制這些未知的、 令人恐懼的力量。 在電鰻的身體里，多至五分之四的細胞都專門用 來發(fā)電，而且發(fā)出的電流的強度大約和它身體的長度成正比。 成一個 個發(fā)電機，以致完全失去肌肉細胞的功能。 當心臟跳動時，把它發(fā)出的脈沖記錄下來就成了心電圖，這可讓醫(yī)生了解心臟的 工作狀況。 當停電時，人們在搖曳不定的燭光下暗中摸索； 因沒有紅 綠燈的指示，汽車在道路上遲疑不前；冰 箱也停止工作，導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)。 09Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record。 該定義就其本 身來說自有其道理。 所有 這些價格的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系構(gòu)成了價格系統(tǒng)。 08 The Definition of Price Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a plex work posed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and publicutility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up thesystem of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, plicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define price, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a plete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but with the amount and quality of 考研 1 號英語話題寫作第一書《寫作 160 篇》連續(xù) 5 年命中寫作原題 《寫作 160 篇》全面涵蓋當年可考話題，經(jīng)典話題精心選材， 文章分類層次 清晰，范文重點句式詳細點評。 在全國各地，孩子們幾乎在同一 時刻到達學(xué)校，坐在指定的座位上，由一位成年人傳授知識，使用大致相同的教材，做作業(yè)， 考試等等。 因此，教育是一個內(nèi)涵很豐富的詞，它自始至終伴隨人的一生，早在人們上 學(xué)之前就開始了。 傳 授知識的人可以是德高望重的老者，可以是收音機里進行政治辯論的人們，可以是小孩子， 也可以是知名的科學(xué)家。 與上學(xué)相比，教育更具 開放性，內(nèi)容更廣泛。 Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one39。 他們還 必須致力于以熱忱而又客觀的權(quán)威去控制這些音符。 鋼琴家們則不用操這份心，因為每個音符都已在那里等待著他們了。 音樂家們控制肌肉的熟練程度，必須達到與運動員或巴蕾舞演 員相當?shù)乃健? 作曲家寫完了一部作品，得由 演奏者將其演奏出來，其他人才能得以欣賞。 講英語的多數(shù)人能夠在適當?shù)膱龊现羞x擇使用所有 這三種語言類型。 每一代人似乎都需要 獨有的一套詞匯來描述熟知的物體和事件。 俗語和俚語 詞匯的應(yīng) 用都是口頭較多、筆頭較少。 third, association among the subgroups and the majority population Finally, it is worth noting that the terms standard colloquial and slang exist only as abstract labels for scholars who study language. Only a tiny number of the speakers of any language will be aware that they are using colloquial or slang expressions. Most speakers of English will, during appropriate situations, select and use all three types of expressions. 語言的類型 標準用法包括那些為使用這種語言的大多數(shù)人在任何場合下理解、使用和 接受的詞和短語，而不論該場合是否正式。 此時城市中產(chǎn)階級的出現(xiàn)進一步加強了 第一 波大規(guī)模郊區(qū)化。 今天很多美國的大城市其實就是靠吞并它們附近的邊緣地區(qū)而 變成大都會的。 漸漸地，在與舊有的主要城區(qū)相毗鄰的地方，不斷涌現(xiàn)出由排房和公寓樓組成的工人 聚居區(qū)，包圍了工廠。s were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abutted the older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York. Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the munities along their borders. With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and acpanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first mercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horsedrawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar works crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the pact industrial city into a dispersed first phase of massscale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle Class, whose desires for