我國(guó)中小企業(yè)融資中存在的問(wèn)題與原因探析-文庫(kù)吧在線文庫(kù)
【正文】 .. .. ..謝 辭轉(zhuǎn)眼，大學(xué)四年就要結(jié)束了，都說(shuō)畢業(yè)論文是最后的一份作業(yè)，需用心寫就，通過(guò)這次的論文準(zhǔn)備，甚感自己對(duì)專業(yè)認(rèn)識(shí)的膚淺，在以后的工作中還要不斷學(xué)習(xí)。民間個(gè)人借貸活動(dòng)必須嚴(yán)格遵守國(guó)家法律、行政法規(guī)的有關(guān)規(guī)定、遵循自愿互助、誠(chéng)實(shí)信用原則。同時(shí)，對(duì)中小企業(yè)而言，銀行融資手續(xù)繁瑣，耗時(shí)耗精力，影響了中小企業(yè)的融資積極性。處于劣勢(shì)的中小企業(yè)通過(guò)互助性擔(dān)保聯(lián)系起來(lái),在于銀行談判時(shí)能爭(zhēng)取到較有利的條件。其次,成立商業(yè)性擔(dān)保公司。中小金融機(jī)構(gòu)擁有成為中小企業(yè)提供服務(wù)的信息優(yōu)勢(shì)。它們一方面為那些融資困難的中小企業(yè)提供貸款和無(wú)擔(dān)?；驌?dān)保不充分的貸款,以促進(jìn)中小企業(yè)的科技開(kāi)發(fā)和創(chuàng)新能力,另一方面則對(duì)勇于進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新投資的中小企業(yè)投入資金以獲取高額回報(bào)。很多成長(zhǎng)型中小企業(yè)具有高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性,對(duì)其信貸融資,顯然具有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。從發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的情況來(lái)看,無(wú)論其資本市場(chǎng)的發(fā)達(dá)程度如何,銀行信貸融資始終是中小企業(yè)的主要來(lái)源。但是,目前我國(guó)擔(dān)保公司的擔(dān)保能力與實(shí)際需求之間還存在巨大的差距。若股份有限公司申請(qǐng)其股票上市，則公司股本總額不得少于人民幣三千萬(wàn)元等等。但國(guó)內(nèi)貸款利率卻一直受到政府嚴(yán)格管制，缺乏彈性的低利率，難以彌補(bǔ)銀行經(jīng)營(yíng)成本上升和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增大的損失；而且在國(guó)內(nèi)銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)觀念增加的條件下實(shí)施的貸款個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)制，要求發(fā)放貸款的信貸員完全負(fù)責(zé)貸款回收并實(shí)行嚴(yán)厲的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)責(zé)任追究和懲罰制度，也抑制了銀行信貸人員收集中小企業(yè)信息并提供貸款的積極性。從銀行角度分析，中小企業(yè)的借貸資金少，但談判、簽約的程序與大企業(yè)是一樣的，銀行的交易成本較高，導(dǎo)致銀行對(duì)中小企業(yè)的信貸缺乏積極性。加之中小企業(yè)資金需求一次性量小，頻率高，這也加大了融資的復(fù)雜性，增加了融資的成本和代價(jià)，對(duì)其還款能力造成不利影響。國(guó)內(nèi)債券市場(chǎng)的情況亦是如此。同時(shí)又缺乏專門服務(wù)于中小企業(yè)的金融機(jī)構(gòu)，這是中小企業(yè)間接融資難的一個(gè)反映。因此可以說(shuō)中小企業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、擴(kuò)大就業(yè)中占有極其重要地位。并在借鑒國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國(guó)國(guó)情，提出要從中小企業(yè)自身抓起，切實(shí)提高企業(yè)總體素質(zhì)，同時(shí)加速建立多層次、全方位、完善的中小企業(yè)融資支持體系和健全的經(jīng)營(yíng)機(jī)制，改善中小企業(yè)融資的宏觀政策環(huán)境，才能保障中小企業(yè)健康快速的發(fā)展，促進(jìn)我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展?！娟P(guān)鍵詞】：成因分析，對(duì)策，融資渠道，信用擔(dān)保體系，政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu).. .. .. .... .. .. ..AbstractFor a long time, smallmedium sized enterprises have played important roles in development of national economy construction. However, there are many factors restraining development of smallmedium sized enterprises in China, specially financing bottleneck. It is necessary to settle to solve the financing problem. First, we should analyze the financing problems of smallmedium sized enterprises and make corresponding steps. This paper mainly analyze the presenting conditions and the causes of financing plight from the following three aspects: National macropolicy、Financial system、quality of the enterprises itself, then we e to the conclusion. They are the principal factors which make the smallmedium sized enterprises hard to finance, such as the imperfection social financing system、immaturity of credit warranty、asymmetric information of the enterprises、unsound system of enterprises themselves、the low credits and so on. On the bases of benefiting from foreign experiences and fundamental realities of our country, we will get down to improve the quality of their own. At the same time, we also accelerate to build multilevels, all dimensional, perfect supportive financing system and improve the macropolicy environment. In this case, we can ensure the quick and healthy development of smallmedium sized enterprises and even our whole national economy. 【Key words】: geic analysis,countermeasure,financing channel, Credit guarantee system, The policy financial institution.. ..
黨政相關(guān)相關(guān)推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號(hào)-1