【正文】 swimto go with the streamto clear the decksall at seaplain sailingto rest on one?s oarsto spend money like waterHow many winter days have I seen him, standing bluenosed in the snow and east I pare thee to a summer?s day Thou art more lovely and more strong as a horse老黃牛work like a horse狐朋狗黨狗急跳墻 狼心狗肺 狗腿子狗嘴里吐不出象牙lucky dogEvery dog has his me, love my dogs never 巧媳婦做不出沒米的飯，叫我怎么樣呢？Even the cleverest housewife can?t cook a meal without do you expect me to do?I don?t see what I am supposed to do without any the cleverest housewife can?t make bread without 天下真有這樣標(biāo)致的人物，我今兒才算見了！況且這通身的氣派，竟不像老祖宗的外孫女兒，竟是個嫡親的孫女，怨不得老祖宗天天口頭心頭一時不忘，只可憐我這妹妹這樣命苦，怎么姑媽偏就去世了！謀事在人，成事在天。雞年是我的本命年。一見面是寒暄，寒暄之后說我“胖了”，說我“胖了”之后即大罵其新黨。壯得像頭牛as strong as a horse聰明無比as wise as an owl膽小如鼠as timid as a hare急得像熱鍋上的螞蟻as nervous as a cat on a hot tin roof海底撈針to look for a needle in a haystack想是翟家這奴才，走下鄉(xiāng)狐假虎威著實恐嚇了他一場。人家是醋罐子，他是醋缸，醋甕！They call jealous people “vinegar bottles”, don?t they? Well, she?s not just a bottle full of vinegar。When Qian was just one year old, he was told by his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked up a book of all his father very gladly gave him the name: Zhongshu(=book lover).意譯法由于英漢兩種語言存在巨大差異，意譯是不可避免的。我沒那么好的記性。漢語就是典型的分析語。英語屬綜合分析語，詞序不如拉丁語靈活，但也不如漢語固定。因此，英語句子主次分明，層次清楚，前呼后應(yīng)，嚴(yán)密規(guī)范，句式呈“聚集型”(pactness)。漢語句式的多樣化還表現(xiàn)在，有整句，也有大量的零句。各個船上皆在后艙燒了火，用鐵鼎罐煮飯，飯燜熟后，又換鍋子熬油，嘩的把蔬菜倒進(jìn)熱鍋里去。關(guān)系詞和連接詞。漢語的意合法往往采用以下手段：語序。Until all is over, ambition never 。王力，“西洋語的結(jié)構(gòu)好象連環(huán)，雖則環(huán)與環(huán)都聯(lián)絡(luò)起來，畢竟有聯(lián)絡(luò)的痕跡；中國語的結(jié)構(gòu)好象無縫天衣，只是一塊一塊的硬湊，湊起來還不讓它有痕跡?？偟目磥?，英語句子比較漢語句子要長得多。Can you answer a question which I want to ask and which is puzzling me? 我有一個問題弄不懂，想請教你，你能回答嗎？第五節(jié) 物稱與人稱（Impersonal ）英語較常用物稱表達(dá)法，即不用人稱來敘述，而讓事物以客觀的口氣呈現(xiàn)出來。Wrongs must be righted when they are ，一定要改正。與此相反，漢語則常用意義被動式，少用結(jié)構(gòu)被動式。五、當(dāng)不便使用被動式時，漢語可采用某些轉(zhuǎn)換式來表達(dá)被動意義。六、漢語，尤其在古漢語中，其動詞兼有“主動”和“被動”兩式于一體，如：“瑜下城十余，不下者三城耳。英語除了用抽象名詞表示行為和動作（如realize→realization, plete→ pletion）等概念外，還常用含有行為和動作意義的普通名詞代替動詞。The doctor’s extremely quick arrival and unmonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speedy ，并非常仔細(xì)地檢查了病人，因此病人很快就康復(fù)了?！??加以/予以”式，組成倒置的動賓結(jié)構(gòu)。三、當(dāng)不需要或不可能說出施事者的時候，漢語可以采用無主句或主語省略句來保持句子的主動形式。意義被動式，即用主動的形式表達(dá)被動的意義，在英語里比較少見。A great elation overcame 。英、漢修辭學(xué)都主張長、短句交替和單、復(fù)句相間。現(xiàn)代英語雖然不太常用特長的句子，但包孕式的復(fù)合句(plex sentences with embedded clauses)仍很常見，因而句子仍然具有一定的長度。英語注重形合，注重結(jié)構(gòu)、形式，常常借助各種連接手段，因而比較嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)(preciseness)；漢語注重意合，注重功能、意義，常常不用或少用連接手段，因而比較簡潔(conciseness)。緊縮句。沒有英語所常用的那些關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞、連接代詞和連接副詞；介詞數(shù)量少（30），大多從“動詞”借來。一、英語的形合法英語造句常用各種形式手段連接詞、語、分句或從句，注重顯性接應(yīng)(overt cohesion)，注重句子形式，注重結(jié)構(gòu)完整，注重以形顯義?！边@些句式流瀉鋪排，主謂難分，主從難辨，形散神聚，富有節(jié)奏，不僅常見于口語，書面語也不乏其例。漢語不受形態(tài)的約束，沒有主謂形式協(xié)調(diào)一致的關(guān)系，也就沒有這種關(guān)系可以駕馭全句。第二節(jié) 聚集與流散（Compact ）英語句子有嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹髦^結(jié)構(gòu)，這個結(jié)構(gòu)通常由名詞性短語(NP)和動詞性短語(VP)構(gòu)成。形態(tài)變化越多的語言，詞序越靈活，反之亦然。拉丁語、德語及古英語等都屬于這類語言。Her beauty would make the fish sink, the wild goose fall down and the moon hide herself, and put the flowers to beauty is beyond ,大院里還有二十多間呢。雞年是我的本命年。Two heads are better than ，勝過一個諸葛亮。At the signal to begin, they fell to with their chopsticks, like a whirlwind scattering wisps of half the food had gone before they noticed that Chou Chin had not eaten a ，閉月羞花之貌。思悠悠，恨悠悠，恨到歸時方始休，月明人倚樓。文化的差異給翻譯帶來的困難詞匯空缺詞義沖突聯(lián)想意義不同詞匯空缺我屬雞。Susan BassnettTo do translation, you have to be both a bilingual and a bicultural.（1）ecological culture（2）material culture（3）social culture（4）religious culture（5）linguistic cultureecological culture揮金如土 ；瑞雪兆豐年；揠苗助長；解甲歸田；瓜熟蒂落；俯首甘為孺子牛 ；黔驢技窮；人心齊，泰山移；不到黃河心不死，不到長城非好漢。因此，在翻譯企業(yè)推介文本時，應(yīng)充分考慮譯本受眾的接受傾向，采取恰當(dāng)?shù)姆g策略。公司先后被授予“全國工程建設(shè)管理先進(jìn)單位”，“全國先進(jìn)建筑施工企業(yè)”，“全國思想政治工作優(yōu)秀企業(yè)”榮譽稱號，連年被遼寧省信譽評級委員會評定為特級（AAA）信譽企業(yè)。“劍南春”歷史悠久，唐人李肇《國史補(bǔ)》一書已有記載。已具百年歷史，因具獨特風(fēng)格而蜚聲華夏。語言漢語修辭講究詞句整齊對仗，聲韻和諧。The beautiful landscapes of Aba Prefecture feature towering snowclad mountains, crisscrossing rivers, and boundless forests and this fertile land are peculiar geological ruins, fantastic streams and waterfalls, alpine lakes, and Tibetan and Qiang The earliest recorded eruption of Vesuvius occurred in 79 destroyed ，摧毀了龐貝古城。The Park of Sweet Osmanthus is noted for its profusion of from these trees in different colors are in full bloom, which pervade the whole garden with the fragrance of their islands are strung around the edge of the peninsula like a pearl necklace: hunks of coral reef, coconut palms and fine white ，緊密相連，像一串珍珠綴成的項鏈，環(huán)繞著半島邊緣?？偠灾诰唧w的操作中，很少有文本是只有單純一種功能的，大部分文本都是以一種功能為主而其他二者兼而有之。意在喚起讀者去體驗去行動，它更看重的是譯文的效果而不是原文。因此，與一般的翻譯文本不同，在形式與內(nèi)容的關(guān)系上，它往往注重內(nèi)容而輕形式，為突出信息傳遞的效果不惜改變原文形式。應(yīng)用文翻譯有別于文學(xué)翻譯。E 有些英語被動句被動意義很弱，側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)或肯定某一事實或行為的存在，可按原句語序譯成漢語“是?.的”判斷句。On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed ，中東事件只輕描淡寫地報導(dǎo)了一下。Wrongs must be righted when they are ，使句子之間的銜接緊密自然。Only objects struck by the light are 。Twothirds of the area are covered with immense forests of pine, spruce and ,云杉林和白樺林所覆蓋。It?s traditional among technical writers to keep themselves in the background, to exclude personal pronouns and emphasize their work ，所以，在自然界找不到處于游離狀態(tài)的鋁。（魯迅 《藥》），掏出一包洋錢，交給老栓，老栓接了，抖抖的裝入衣袋，又在外面按了兩下；便點上燈籠，吹熄燈盞，走向屋子里去了。 about three hundred men had been landed from these vessels and were marching rapidly to camp, the Morini, who had been left by Caesar in a state of peace when he set out for Britain, were fired by the hope of booty, and surrounded the troops, at first with no very large number of folk, bidding them lay down their arms if they did not wish to be had spent a long day on a hired mule before the mail carrier who had been my guide pointed to a cabin on the far side of a stream, mutely refused the money I offered, and rode apparently was hit by the first of what witness believed were three he knew how ashamed he would have been if she know had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.. original members of the United Nations shall be the states which, having participated in the United Nations conference on International