【正文】 ome advanced countries have already from the original is limited to port management development for and port related departments working integrated information management, some big pany already can through munication satellite worldwide for container executes tracking management. From the advanced countries 8 container transportation plete technology for development multimodal transport have laid a good foundation. (2) Began to enter into the multimodal transport and door to door transportation stage. Realize various transportation means bined transport is the development direction of modern transportation and container transportation in this aspect has a unique advantage. Advanced countries due to establish and perfect the container integrated transportation system, make container transport through the traditional transportation means port, to the port concept, the prehensive utilization of various transportation means advantage, for owner to provide door to door highquality transportation service, thus make container transportation advantage into full play. The door to door transport is a plicated system engineering, integrated transport internationally advanced countries in order to develop the container transportation, took this as specialized subject, and cultivate a large number of container transportation senior management personnel, business personnel and operator, make container transportation in theory and practice are gradually consummation. (1)Source anization According to a national about developing container transportation, Container of mating box loan source, some issues regulations stipulated in the optimum LCL for 12 categories, namely, electricity, instruments, small mechanical 39。 是指裝運(yùn)集裝箱的貨車到貨場(chǎng)后需要辦理的卸車和向貨主辦理交付手續(xù)等工作，具體包括卸車作業(yè)，交付作業(yè)，鐵路貨運(yùn)員根據(jù)車站的卸車計(jì)劃及時(shí)按排貨位、核對(duì)運(yùn)單、貨票、裝載清單與集裝箱箱號(hào)、印封號(hào)是否 *致、需要逐箱檢查，卸車；完畢后填寫(xiě)到達(dá)記錄 /最后，由貨運(yùn)室通知發(fā)貨人。拼箱貨是指兩個(gè)以上發(fā)貨人貨物拼裝在一個(gè)集裝箱內(nèi)的貨物，拼箱貨的裝卸作業(yè)由 承運(yùn)人 或有關(guān)運(yùn)輸代理部門(mén)負(fù)責(zé)。一些先進(jìn)國(guó)家已從原僅限于港區(qū)管理發(fā)展為與口岸相關(guān)各部門(mén)聯(lián)網(wǎng)的綜合信息管理，一些大公司已能通過(guò)通信衛(wèi)星在全世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)集裝箱實(shí)行跟蹤管理。集裝箱運(yùn)輸已遍及世界上所有的海運(yùn)國(guó)家，隨著集裝箱運(yùn)輸進(jìn)入成熟階段。碼頭堆場(chǎng)上輪胎式龍門(mén)起重機(jī)、跨運(yùn)車等機(jī)械得到了普遍應(yīng)用，底盤(pán)車工藝則逐漸趨于沒(méi)落。 集裝箱運(yùn)輸 1966 年以前，雖然集裝箱運(yùn)輸取得了一定的發(fā)展，但在該階段集裝箱運(yùn)輸權(quán)限于歐美一些先進(jìn)國(guó)家，主要從事鐵路、 公路運(yùn)輸 和國(guó)內(nèi)沿海運(yùn)輸；船型以改裝的半 集裝箱船 為主，其典型船舶的裝載量不過(guò) 500TEU（ 20ft 集裝箱換算單位，簡(jiǎn)稱 “換算箱 ”）左右，速度也較慢；箱型主要采用斷面為 8ft8ft，長(zhǎng)度分別為 24ft、 27ft、 35ft 的非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱，部分使用了長(zhǎng)度為 20ft 和 40ft 的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)集裝箱；箱的材質(zhì)開(kāi)始以鋼質(zhì)為主，到后期鋁質(zhì)箱開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)；船舶裝卸以船用裝卸橋?yàn)橹?，只有極少數(shù)專用碼頭上有岸邊裝卸橋；碼頭裝卸工藝主要采用海陸聯(lián)運(yùn)公司開(kāi)創(chuàng)的底盤(pán)車方式，跨運(yùn)車剛剛出現(xiàn)；集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)慕?jīng)營(yíng)方式是僅提供港到港的服務(wù)。安德森 國(guó) 籍 英國(guó) 原文出處 ATamp。 19 世紀(jì)中葉，在英國(guó) 的蘭開(kāi)夏已出現(xiàn)運(yùn)輸棉紗、棉布的一種帶活動(dòng)框架的載貨工具，這是集裝箱的雛形。隨著海上集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展，各港紛紛建設(shè)專用集裝箱泊位，世界集裝箱專用泊位到 1983 年已增至 983 個(gè)。 （三） 集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)某墒祀A段（ 1984 年以后） 1984 年以后，世界航運(yùn)市場(chǎng)擺脫了石油危機(jī)所帶來(lái)的影響，開(kāi)始走出低谷，集裝箱運(yùn)輸又重新走上穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的道路。自動(dòng)化裝卸橋也得到了進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。 二、 組織 （一）貨源組織 集裝箱的適箱貸源，根據(jù)國(guó)家《關(guān)于發(fā)展我國(guó)集裝箱運(yùn)輸若干問(wèn)題的規(guī)定》中規(guī)定的適箱貨為 12 個(gè)品類，即交電、儀器、小型機(jī)械 39。具體包括貨主要明確使用集裝箱運(yùn)輸?shù)臈l件及有關(guān)規(guī)定，如必須在指定的集裝箱辦理站，按：站內(nèi)規(guī)定承運(yùn)日期辦理：辦理站受理、審核、裝箱等。s DR has put forward the goods with loading container transportation conception. 1845 British railway carriage bills of exchange have used the way, depending on the carriage for container, make container transportation idea get preliminary application. In the middle of the 19th century, Briti