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ngl Positingl petingl Pleasing customerl Achieve performance Moves and approachesStrategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略的價(jià)值l主動(dòng)而不是被動(dòng)的塑造組織的未來(lái),即一個(gè)組織主動(dòng)發(fā)起行動(dòng),而不僅僅是被動(dòng)的反應(yīng)( activities ),從而努力掌握和控制自己的命運(yùn)( exert control over its own destiny)。l 評(píng)價(jià) /改進(jìn) /統(tǒng)一 下層經(jīng)理提出的戰(zhàn)略相關(guān)行動(dòng)方案和策略 Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略l 管理一線組織單元(如生產(chǎn)工廠、地區(qū)銷(xiāo)售機(jī)構(gòu)、分銷(xiāo)中心等)l 開(kāi)展具有戰(zhàn)略性意義的運(yùn)作任務(wù)(如采購(gòu)、存貨控制、維修、裝運(yùn)、廣告等)l 制定更窄、更專(zhuān)業(yè)的方案和策略,支撐職能、業(yè)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略,實(shí)現(xiàn)運(yùn)作單元目標(biāo)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化l不同層次的戰(zhàn)略的統(tǒng)一需要管理團(tuán)隊(duì)的努力l業(yè)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略、職能和運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略的一致性,來(lái)自于職能、運(yùn)作層面經(jīng)理的協(xié)作努力Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化愿景 目標(biāo) 戰(zhàn)略 公司業(yè)務(wù)職能運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略層次推進(jìn)戰(zhàn)略結(jié)構(gòu)推進(jìn)愿景 目標(biāo) 戰(zhàn)略 愿景 目標(biāo) 戰(zhàn)略 愿景 目標(biāo) 戰(zhàn)略 Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略管理 戰(zhàn)略管理是制定、實(shí)施和評(píng)價(jià)跨職能、跨部門(mén)決策,以引導(dǎo)企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)其目標(biāo)的一門(mén)科學(xué)與藝術(shù)。Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC 定義業(yè)務(wù)的三種方法按照產(chǎn)品客戶(hù)功能核心能力 Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC 定義業(yè)務(wù)的一般步驟列出所有可能的業(yè)務(wù)定義采用不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)定義:按照這一定義,誰(shuí)是公司的客戶(hù)與需要什么,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手是誰(shuí)?公司具有比對(duì)手更多的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)嗎?索定義的市場(chǎng)具有吸引力、發(fā)展前景嗎?等等選擇一個(gè)定義如果競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手重新定義業(yè)務(wù),挑戰(zhàn)是什么? Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC確定戰(zhàn)略愿景l(fā)創(chuàng)造性思考l企業(yè)家本能l直覺(jué)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略愿景分析l 康柏 :成為所有客戶(hù)細(xì)分市場(chǎng)上個(gè)人電腦和個(gè)人電腦服務(wù)最主要的供應(yīng)商l 微軟 :每個(gè)家庭,每臺(tái)桌子上都有一臺(tái)電腦,使用著偉大的軟件作為一種強(qiáng)大的工具l 柯達(dá) :在化學(xué)影像和電子影像方面世界一流l Intel:成為全世界新計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)最重要的供應(yīng)商l 卓越出租汽車(chē) :我們的業(yè)務(wù)是出租汽車(chē),我們的使命是整體客戶(hù)滿(mǎn)意度Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略愿景分析l使每一個(gè)家庭都能享受到光網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù),為我國(guó)全面小康添 “光 ”加 “速 ”,成為國(guó)內(nèi)最有影響的光纖到戶(hù)產(chǎn)品、方案和服務(wù)提供商Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC來(lái)自 建立長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展目標(biāo) —— 確定公司發(fā)展方向的第二項(xiàng)任務(wù)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC建立戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)l戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的概念l目標(biāo)的特性l目標(biāo)的種類(lèi)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的概念l目標(biāo)是度量企業(yè)業(yè)績(jī)和進(jìn)步的標(biāo)尺l目標(biāo)將戰(zhàn)略愿景和方向路徑轉(zhuǎn)化為特定的業(yè)績(jī)指標(biāo)。Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略思維l戰(zhàn)略直覺(jué)是對(duì)認(rèn)知的綜合( Strategic intuition is the synthesis of a mitted perception about the world)。Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略柔性l動(dòng)態(tài)適應(yīng):非正式、模糊、漸進(jìn)的、偶然的、適應(yīng)、隨機(jī)應(yīng)變的過(guò)程( Informal, ambiguous, incremental, contingent, adaptive, asneeded reactions to changing circumstances )。實(shí)際上,五力并非一定成為 “斥力 ”,它們完全可能成為 “合力”,建立在新的視野上,五力分析可以提供新的分析結(jié)論。最低得分 1分, 分為中間分值。 SWOT analysis is grounded in the basic principle that strategymaking efforts must aim at producing a good fit between a pany`s resource capabilities and its external situation.Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力分析 公司相對(duì)于最直接的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的成本競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力具有至關(guān)重要的意義。Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC6 “S” 分析l 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)范圍: petitive scopel 戰(zhàn)略意圖: strategic intentl 市場(chǎng)份額: market sharel 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)態(tài)勢(shì): petitive situationl 戰(zhàn)略地位: strategic posturel 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)戰(zhàn)略: petitive strategyStrategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC分析競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的戰(zhàn)略l洞悉對(duì)手戰(zhàn)略l透視對(duì)手行動(dòng)l盯住對(duì)手強(qiáng)項(xiàng)和弱點(diǎn)l預(yù)測(cè)對(duì)手下一步行動(dòng)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC分析競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手lUnderstanding petitors` strategieslEvaluating who the industry`s major players are going to belPredicting petitors` next movesStrategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC確定成功的關(guān)鍵要素成功的關(guān)鍵要素來(lái)自三個(gè)方面:l產(chǎn)品屬性 l資源、實(shí)力與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力 l業(yè)績(jī)成果Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC確定成功的關(guān)鍵要素lAn identify key success factors concern the product attributes, petencies, petitive capabilities, and market achievements with the greatest direct bearing on pany profitability. Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC確定成功的關(guān)鍵要素 具體的,成功的關(guān)鍵要素可以從內(nèi)部與外部進(jìn)行分析;可以從價(jià)值鏈或者供應(yīng)鏈的各環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行分析;還可以從價(jià)值創(chuàng)造活動(dòng)中去發(fā)掘,如技術(shù)、制造、分銷(xiāo)、銷(xiāo)售、組織能力、技能等進(jìn)行分析。Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC競(jìng)爭(zhēng)結(jié)構(gòu)分析—— 五力分析 在五力分析中,最重要的是進(jìn)行目前競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廠商之間的分析,從而發(fā)現(xiàn)最關(guān)鍵的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。戰(zhàn)略直覺(jué)將若干看似沒(méi)有聯(lián)系的觀點(diǎn)構(gòu)造為一個(gè)嶄新的整體l 戰(zhàn)略分析是改造世界;要點(diǎn)是分(一分為二)。Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略是一個(gè)信號(hào) 戰(zhàn)略制定越優(yōu)異,戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施越有力,公司的業(yè)績(jī)就越卓越,就越有市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略愿景的特性l為未來(lái)導(dǎo)向l顧客導(dǎo)向l社會(huì)政策宣言l獨(dú)特性:獨(dú)特的形象,獨(dú)特的業(yè)務(wù)著重點(diǎn),獨(dú)特的發(fā)展道路Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略愿景的構(gòu)成l 組織意圖: anization`s purposel 經(jīng)營(yíng)哲學(xué): philosophyl 顧客: customersl 產(chǎn)品或服務(wù): products or servicesl 市場(chǎng): marketl 基本技術(shù): basic technologyl 對(duì)雇員的關(guān)心: concern for employeesl 成長(zhǎng)性與利潤(rùn)率: survival growth and profitabilityl 關(guān)注社會(huì)形象: concern for social image.Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略愿景構(gòu)成l 核心經(jīng)營(yíng)哲學(xué): core business philosophy l 未來(lái)生動(dòng)展望: future vividly perspectives BHAG 宏大: Big 驚奇: Hairy 激動(dòng)人心: Audacious 目標(biāo): goalStrategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略愿景的要求l 努力實(shí)現(xiàn): 清晰明了、生動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)潔;措辭恰當(dāng),要能夠激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力、激情、想象力、自豪感,目標(biāo)感、成就感;具有吸引力,易于記憶、傳播、交流l 堅(jiān)決避免: 陳詞濫調(diào)、單調(diào)、空洞乏味、大話(huà)、套話(huà)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC戰(zhàn)略愿景開(kāi)發(fā)三步驟l定義公司目前業(yè)務(wù)l確定戰(zhàn)略愿景l(fā)傳播愿景Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC業(yè)務(wù)界定三要素l需求: what needs it is trying to satisfy, l顧客群: by which customer groups it is targetingl技術(shù): by the technologies it will use (產(chǎn)品 需求、市場(chǎng) 目標(biāo)、流程 技術(shù))Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC業(yè)務(wù)界定三要素lCustomer needs, or what is being satisfied.lCustomer groups, or who is being satisfied.lThe technologies used and functions perform: how customers` needs are satisfied (value chain activities).Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC what,who and how決定(質(zhì)疑)誰(shuí)是客戶(hù)和向客戶(hù)提供何種產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)是企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略職責(zé)( what與 who的非線性關(guān)系)業(yè)務(wù)界定業(yè)務(wù)界定Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC業(yè)務(wù)界定業(yè)務(wù)界定獨(dú)特性創(chuàng)新性英特爾改變自己的戰(zhàn)略定位從 DRAM(動(dòng)態(tài)隨機(jī)存取存儲(chǔ)器)到微處理器 CPU(中央處理器)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC 關(guān)于關(guān)于 ““ 誰(shuí)誰(shuí) ”” 的決的決策策釋放創(chuàng)造力并思考誰(shuí)可能是公司的目標(biāo)客戶(hù)應(yīng)用選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并設(shè)想:公司應(yīng)當(dāng)追求的目標(biāo)客戶(hù)是誰(shuí)Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of UESTC關(guān)于關(guān)于 ““ 什么什么 ”” 的決的決策策設(shè)問(wèn):公司的創(chuàng)造力是什么能夠?yàn)榭蛻?hù)提供什么 作成本 收益分析并問(wèn):我應(yīng)該選擇提供什么Strategic ManagementSchool 0f Management of