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ked the cake. ? (e) Terry bought the cake. 99 間接賓語 ? (a) Terry gave me the cake. ? (b) Terry baked me the cake. ? The cake was given (to) me. ? I was given the cake. 100 ? (a)山坡上 下來 兩個(gè)游客。 fawn on ? 擺闊 → flaunt one’s riches。 117 推薦一: 林同濟(jì) 《 從漢語詞序看長句翻譯 》 ,載 《 比較 cab, acb ? ? a.(官方譯文) Elimination of tuition and miscellaneous fees for pulsory education in all rural areas is an important milestone in the history of the development of education in China. ? b. Elimination of tuition and miscellaneous fees for pulsory education in all rural areas is an important milestone in China’ s educational development history. ? c. Elimination of tuition and miscellaneous fees for pulsory education in all rural areas is an important milestone in the history of China’ s educational development. 123 “我國農(nóng)村中小學(xué)的教育發(fā)展史” a. China’s rural primary and secondary education development history b. the history of the development of rural primary and secondary education in China c. the history of the development of the education in primary and secondary schools in the countryside in China 124 ? 例 農(nóng)村計(jì)劃生育家庭 獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)扶助制度的覆蓋面。 ? Interrogatives(疑問詞 ):用于構(gòu)成問句。 ? ( 3)介詞短語做定語修飾名詞,英語直接用在名詞后面,漢語用在名詞前面,而且要在介詞短語后加上助詞“的’。 132 介詞和介詞短語在句中的位置 ? ( 1)英語介詞在一些特定的句式中后置,漢語總是保持介詞直接前置于名詞的順序。 128 ? Verb Particles(動詞小品詞 ):與動詞一起構(gòu)詞動詞短語的小品詞,通常為副詞或介詞。關(guān)系 ——英漢微觀對比研究 》 ,上海外語教育出版社 2022 119 定語的前置與后置 ? 究竟多長的定語結(jié)構(gòu)適合于前置? ? 有哪些因素影響到定語的前置與后置? ? 簡單指示代詞 /數(shù)詞 ﹤ 形容詞 ﹤ 屬格詞組 ﹤ 關(guān)系從句 ? 第一、第二人稱代詞 ﹤ 第三人稱代詞 ﹤ 專有名詞 ﹤ 有關(guān)人的普通名詞 ﹤ 非人的有生性普通名詞 ﹤ 非有生性普通名詞 120 ? a modern, powerful socialist country ? 社會主義現(xiàn)代化強(qiáng)國 ? total sales of consumer goods in the first three months of this year ? 今年頭三個(gè)月商品銷售總額 ? the underlying and accepted principles and objectives of the United Nations Charter ? 聯(lián)合國憲章中公認(rèn)的基本原則和目標(biāo) 121 一、并列結(jié)構(gòu) ? 鐵路、民航 體制改革 取得新進(jìn)展。會面的時(shí)間是 1946年 8月的某天下午。 go through backdoor ? 吃老本 → line off one’s past gains。 She is so thrifty that she manages to get along on two meals every day. (b)片子短,二十分鐘就看完了。 ? (a) SC: SVC中的組成部分: ? He’s getting angry. ? (b) OC:是 SVOC中的組成部分: ? He got his shoes and socks wet. 漢英補(bǔ)語對比 88 第一類:各式主語補(bǔ)語 ? (a) He is, of course, a good teacher. ? (b) Your point sounds reasonable,anyhow. ? (c) Trees turned green again. ? (d) You are regarded by everyone in the munity as indispensable. 89 第二類:各式賓語補(bǔ)語 ? (a) The news makes him happy. ? (b) He paints the tree blue. ? (c) They named the street Addin. ? (d) Somebody has left the light switched on. 90 述補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu) ? (1)表示行為態(tài)勢或動向 ? 肯定式:上、下;來、去;開、開來;起來;過(了);完、成 —— VC ? 否定式:不(置于補(bǔ)語前);未、沒、沒有(置于動詞前) ——V不 C ? 走出來 walk out ? 走不出來 can’t walk out/be unable to walk out ? 打開 open out (up), unfold, untie, undo ? 打不開 can’t not be open 91 (2)表示可能 ? 肯定式 :得 —— V得 C ? 否定式 :不 —— V不 C ? 聽得清 ? can hear/be able to hear ? 聽不清 ? can not hear clearly/be unable to hear clearly 92 ( 3)表示結(jié)果 ? VC: 不,未,沒/沒有 —— V不 C ? 染紅 dye in red ? 染 不 紅; 未 染紅; 沒 /沒有 染紅 ? can’t dye in red/be unable to dye in red ? 拿走 take away ? 拿不走 can’t be taken away/remain in the place ? 沒有(未)拿走 do not take away/have not taken away 93 (4)表示狀態(tài) ? V+得 +C: V+得 +不(很) C ? 看得很清楚 see very clearly ? 看得不很清楚 see not very clearly ? 擦得油光錚亮 polish (sth.) till it glitters ? 擦得不很亮 not well polished ? 洗得干干凈凈 wash sth. till it is perfectly clean ? 洗得不很干凈 not very cleanly washed ? 寫得催人淚下 write in an irresistibly moving style ? 寫得不很感人 not very successfully written 94 (a)急得我直冒汗。 ? Thank you for you reminder, dear sister. 84 ? (e)告訴他我不知道這件事。 The problem remains to be solved by the labor union. (h)河畔草青青。 3)明天去嗎? 必須由 SV提挈: 1) You have not changed, but he has. 2) I like it but he doesn’t. 3) Will you go tomorrow? 71 漢語 英語 非主謂句: 1)太美了! 2)完了嗎? 3)有好的,也有不好的。 A man must not be shameless; being shameless is a shame in itself. (c)家事、國事、天下事 、 事事 關(guān)心。 ? The best learner will be given a reward. ? 7)零位主語 ? 早走了。 Everybody loves clean things. 很誠實(shí)是一大優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 ? We have finished a good part of the house. ? 4) 住戶家具 都搬進(jìn)屋了。 I’m not going to eat the bowl of rice. (c)桌上 擱著一碗飯。 ? 。 ? ,揭示了字組中字與字的組合規(guī)律。 (由“背景”到“目標(biāo)” ) ? (5) a. The pavilion is at the centre of the lake. ? b. There is a pavilion at the centre of the lake. ? 英語不象漢語一樣具很強(qiáng)的由“背景”到“目標(biāo)”的感知傾向 。 ? sewing machine (sewing with a machine)。” ? ( 5)人文性不是漢語的特點(diǎn) 6 從漢語看英語 ? ( 1)詞序和虛詞的使用不是英語的特點(diǎn) ? ( 2)分析性不是英語的特點(diǎn) ? ( 3)男性化和女性化問題 ? 葉斯柏森 《 英語的發(fā)展與結(jié)構(gòu) 》 ? masculine: childish/feminine ? 林語堂, My Country and My People ? There is no difference but difference of d