【正文】 r Hua. 動詞不定式、動名詞的其它用法 ⒈疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如： The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when Icame in. They seemed to be discussing something important. (2)語態(tài) 如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如： The bike needs repairing. If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. ⒋在口語中，為避免重復(fù)，常用to代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時甚至可以把to省略。 ⒌在why引起的問句中，省略to。一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在am, is , are, do, doesam/is/are doinghave/has donehave/has been doing將來will/shall dowill/shall be doingwill/shall have donewill/shall have been doing過去was, were, did, vedwas/were doinghad donehad been doing過去 將來would/should dowould/should be doingwould/should have donewould/should have been doinghematch. 當(dāng)他到的時候，他會告訴我們這場比賽的經(jīng)過。If he arrives in Paris, Peter will give me a call .如果peter到了巴黎，他會給我電話的。wouldn’tbed. 你該睡覺了。week等。to的用法 1. 用于表將來soon.to， You你必須十點以前回來。“注定……”。e.weres our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? 這一句式有時相當(dāng)于Sb is＋形容詞＋to do句式 ，如：It39。I wonder who to invite. (= who I should invite)Show us what to do. (=what we must do)I don’t know whether to answer his letter. (=此處不用if）to在這種句式中不定式部 分可轉(zhuǎn)換為so that,in order that,成為目的狀語從句，如： I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see whatwould happen. (3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容詞、過去分詞或動詞之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。m not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. ②enough…to The speed is high enough for us to catch up with thefirst liner. ③only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying inthehospital. ④too…to I39。例如：　　He is too young to join the army. 他年齡太小，不能參軍?！　?. too后接表示感情的形容詞，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等時，too... to...句型不再表示否定意義，而表示的是肯定意義。t go to school.　　請同學(xué)們做做下列中考題，以便檢驗?zāi)銓oo... to...用法的掌握情況。 (3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍 用主動語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動賓關(guān)系，而無邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例②）。 ①I didn39。如： ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Have you anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything to say on the question? ④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ⑤My wish to visit France has e true at last. 不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關(guān)系： (1)表示將來的動作（例①）?！　?2) that后面的從句要用否定形式。)　　2. 如果在too... to...這種結(jié)構(gòu)的前面出現(xiàn)了only, 不僅免去了too的否定意義，反而加強(qiáng)了too的肯定語氣，only too 相當(dāng)于very 或very much。too 的后面接形容詞或副詞的原級，to 的后面接動詞原形。m not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in 。不定式作狀語 ⒈作目的狀語 (1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen. ②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examinedby the doctor. (2)有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，不定式前可加in order或so as。to3. 在一些動詞之后，可以在連接代詞（what/who/which)或者連接副詞（how/when/where)以及whether后面接一個帶to的動詞不定式。It is +adj.+ to do sth 句型It is difficult for us to finish writing the positionin a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容詞＋to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評的詞。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。knowingstill將來必然要發(fā)生的事,10must，getbe例如：month,例如：I used to smoke when I was a college freshman. wentwish,you,brotherabout 用于表示一般將來時的主從復(fù)合句的從句中可以表示將來時；也就是說，主句用一般 將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。 t you? —OK,I39。如： Lmagine having travelled on the moon. We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. (2)被動語態(tài) ①如果動名詞的邏輯主語為動名詞所表示的動作的承受者，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)，動名詞的被動語態(tài)有一 般式與完成式之分。如： I39。 四、作定語t help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to I can39。如： Our teachers don39。t know the rules.二、作賓語 ⒉動名詞作賓語 ①以下動詞后，只能接動名詞作賓語，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don39。simportant for you to keep fit. ③There is no+doing There is no saying what will happen next. 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，動名詞后常帶賓語，相當(dāng)于It39。不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. ①We all believe John(to be)honest. ②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但當(dāng)不定式是完成式時，to不能省略，如：We consider him tohave been foolish. (3)感覺動詞和使役動詞后用作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to。t work it out.　　c. The maths problem is ________ difficult ________ ________ ________ work out. 　　3. a. The book is interesting enough for　everybody to read. 　　b. The book is ________ interesting________ everybody likes to read　it. 　　Keys: 1. b. too, for me to c. light enough　　2. b. so, that c. too, for me to 　3. b. so, that不定式作定語 不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。t old enough to do the work. 　　The problem is too hard for him to work out.= The problem isn39。例如：　　It is never too old to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。（too修飾glad to have…，相當(dāng) 于very） ②We have too much to （不定式作定語）。如： ①so…as to。sleep.I wonder who to invite. (= who I should invite)Show us what to do. (=what we must do)I don’t know whether to answer his letter. (=此處不用if）4..不定式作賓語時,如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式賓語,構(gòu)成主語+動詞+it+賓補(bǔ)(形容詞,名詞)+不定式He如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TVIt is +adj.+ to do sth 句型It is difficult for us to finish writing the positionin a quarter of an hour. ④It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays. ⑤It seems(appears)＋形容詞＋to do It seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚(yáng)或批評的詞。) / Something must be done to stop the fowl flu from spreading out. (該采取措施防止禽流感蔓延。)) (省略了主語) / You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去