【正文】 ill you? —I39。t enough time. ②—Would you like to e to a party? —I39。如： The bike needs repairing. If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. ⒋在口語中，為避免重復(fù)，常用to代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時甚至可以把to省略。如： Lmagine having travelled on the moon. We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. (2)被動語態(tài) ①如果動名詞的邏輯主語為動名詞所表示的動作的承受者，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)，動名詞的被動語態(tài)有一 般式與完成式之分。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) ⒊動名詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài) (1)時態(tài) ①一般式：動名詞的一般式所表示的動作可以是泛指，也可與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 、之后。s a great honour to be invited to Mary39。如： The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when Icame in. They seemed to be discussing something important. (2)語態(tài) 如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如： I39。 ⒉動詞不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài) (1)時態(tài) ①一般式：動詞不定式一般式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后，有時表示同時發(fā)生。t know whether to leave or stay there. ③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. ④The question was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑問詞＋不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應(yīng)的從句形式。如：The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua. 動詞不定式、動名詞的其它用法 ⒈疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu) 疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。 四、作定語當(dāng)主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說明主語的內(nèi)容。s time to leave off talking and to start acting. They left off to go fishing. 三、做表語 動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。 We39。t help jumping up at the news. Sorry I have lots of work to I can39。d better stop arguing and do as you are told. ⑤can39。如： Don39。t permit us to swim in the lake. ⒌部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應(yīng)根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。如： Our teachers don39。 在下列情況下，一般要用不定式： ①hate,like,love前有would(should)時，如：I39。如：begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。如： I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town. You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health. ②動名詞作介詞的賓語 I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home. What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 動名詞前的介詞有時可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。t know the rules.二、作賓語 ⒉動名詞作賓語 ①以下動詞后，只能接動名詞作賓語，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don39。如： It39。s no good eating too much fat. It39。 ⒊動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別 ①不定式作主語經(jīng)常表示具體動作，常與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；而動名詞作主語經(jīng)常表示抽象動作，經(jīng)常不與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起。simportant for you to keep fit. ③There is no+doing There is no saying what will happen next. 在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，動名詞后常帶賓語，相當(dāng)于It39。s＋形容詞＋doing It39。s no good reading in dim light. It39。如： ①It39。不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. ②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. ③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 如： ①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late. ②The young university student is considered to have great promise. ⒊不定式短語還可作獨(dú)立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。ve never known her(to)be late before.但：He was known to have been to France before. (5)部分短語動詞后，常接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，如： You may depend on them to be there early. The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy. 常這樣用的短語動詞有：ask for,care for,call on,count on,depend on,wait for,long for（渴望）， prepare for,wish for等。t hear anyone say anything about it. ②They make the students do too much homework every day. 這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudents are made to do too much homework every day. (4)help,know后面的to可有可無。 ①We all believe John(to be)honest. ②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School. 但當(dāng)不定式是完成式時，to不能省略，如：We consider him tohave been foolish. (3)感覺動詞和使役動詞后用作賓補(bǔ)的不定式須省略to。 (1)常要求不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動詞有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（強(qiáng)迫），encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。 (4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。 (2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關(guān)系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例④）。t work it out.　　c. The maths problem is ________ difficult ________ ________ ________ work out. 　　3. a. The book is interesting enough for　everybody to read. 　　b. The book is ________ interesting________ everybody likes to read　it. 　　Keys: 1. b. too, for me to c. light enough　　2. b. so, that c. too, for me to 　3. b. so, that不定式作定語 不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。t carry it.　　b. The box is ________ heavy______ ________ ________ carry. 　　c. The box is not ________ ________ for me to carry.　2. a. The maths problem isn39。t go to school.　　請同學(xué)們做做下列中考題，以便檢驗?zāi)銓oo... to...用法的掌握情況?！　?2) that后面的從句要用否定形式。t old enough to do the work. 　　The problem is too hard for him to work out.= The problem isn39?！　∷?、too... to... 結(jié)構(gòu)與enough...to... 結(jié)構(gòu)及so... that...結(jié)構(gòu)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換　　1. 將too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為enough... to... 結(jié)構(gòu)時，要注意：　　(1) enough 前的形容詞或副詞應(yīng)是too前面形容詞或副詞的反義詞；　　(2) enough... to... 句式須用否定式；(3) too... to...結(jié)構(gòu)有邏輯主語時，enough... to... 結(jié)構(gòu)也要加上邏輯主語。3. too后接表示感情的形容詞，如glad, pleased, happy, sad等時，too... to...句型不再表示否定意義，而表示的是肯定意義。)2. 如果在too... to...這種結(jié)構(gòu)的前面出現(xiàn)了only, 不僅免去了too的否定意義，反而加強(qiáng)了too的肯定語氣，only too 相當(dāng)于very 或very much。例如：　　It is never too old to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。例如：　　The maths problem is too difficult for me to work out. 這道數(shù)學(xué)題太難我解不出來。例如：　　He is too young to join the army. 他年齡太小，不能參軍。too 的后面接形容詞或副詞的原級，to 的后面接動詞原形。（too修飾glad to have…，相當(dāng) 于very） ②We have too much to （不定式作定語）。如： ①I39。m not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing. ②enough…to The speed is high enough for us to catch up with thefirst liner. ③only to Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying inthehospital. ④too…to I39。m not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in 。如： ①so…as to。如：The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer. The room is really fortable to live in. 常這樣用的形容詞有：fortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,imp