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hand, verbal statements tend to hide the speaker’s actual intentions. Eg. Chinese tend to ask for a favor in a more roundabout and implicit way. Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 2. SelfEnhancement and SelfEffacement Verbal Styles ? The selfenhancement verbal style emphasizes the importance of boasting about one’s acplishments and abilities. Eg. In the classified ads, American ad might begin with, “A handsome, athletic male with a good sense of humor seeks a funloving partner…” ? The selfeffacement verbal style, on the other hand, emphasizes the importance of humbling oneself via verbal restraints, hesitations and modest talk. Eg. In the classified ads, Japanese ad might read, “Although I am not very goodlooking, I’m willing to try my best.” Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication Different Ways of Serving Tea 3. Elaborate, Exacting and Succinct Styles ? An elaborate style emphasizes flashy and embellished language. This style of munication can be seen in many Arab, Middle Eastern, and AfroAmerican cultures. ? An exacting style, where persons say no more or less than is needed, is used by Americans. ? A succinct style is characterized by the use of concise statements, understatements, and even silence. A succinct style can be found in Japan, China, and some Native American cultures Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 4. Personal and Contextual Style ? The personal munication style emphasizes the individual identity of the speaker. Eg. English has only one form for the second person, that is, you. ? The contextual style highlights one’s role identity and status. Eg. Chinese, German and French, for example, have informal and formal forms of the pronoun you (你 /您 。 Northern English dialects and Southern English dialects。 therefore, people in that region do not have a word for snow. Most Americans use terms such as snow, powder snow, sleet, slush, blizzard, and ice. 3. Language as a Reflection of Values Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication Language reflects cultural values. Eg. Time does not play a role in Navajo life. As a result, the Navajo do not have the differentiated vocabul