【正文】 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)以及控制過程分析。控制系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)是一項(xiàng)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程，必須嚴(yán)格按照系統(tǒng)分析、系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)、系統(tǒng)實(shí)施、系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行于調(diào)試的過程來進(jìn)行。他們細(xì)心指導(dǎo)我的學(xué)習(xí)與研究，不僅授我以文，而且教我做人，雖歷時(shí)三載，卻給以終生受益無窮之道。 Since 1960, relatively simple and economic position control CNC drilling machine, and linear control CNC milling machine, the rapid development of CNC machine in mechanical manufacturing departments obtain promotion gradually. China started in 1958, developed successfully trialproduced a CNC valve of the numerical control system with CNC machine, 1965 started mass production of CNC system with transistor three coordinates nc milling machine.In 1965, third generation of integrated circuit, control devices, small size, power consumption, and reliability, the price drops further, promote the nc machine tools and the development of production. At the end of the 1960s, successively appeared by puter directly control tool machine direct numerical control system (hereinafter referred to as DNC), also called the group control system, Using small puter control puter numerical control system (hereinafter referred to as CNC control unit), which entered into the characteristics of small puters in the first generation.In 1974, successfully developed using microprocessor and semiconductor CunZhuQi microputer control devices (hereinafter referred to as newsun focus), this is the fifth CNC system. Fifth, pared with the third generation of numerical control equipment, function doubled in volume is reduced to the original 1/20, lower prices for 3/4 and reliability have greatly improved.In the early 1980s, with the puter software and hardware technology development, the manmachine dialogue to automatic programming of CNC. The numerical control equipment installed in miniaturization, can directly on the machine, The automation of CNC machine, automatic monitoring and further enhance the tool breakage and automatic detection workpiece etc. Function.In China39。s first machine production, but still is the world39。s market value to 70%, including 61 per cent of homemade numerical control machine, industry to raise % 62% of fixed assets investment pleted a yearonyear growth of 36%. Media reports, 2009 China first became the first big machine producer. Not only such, China also in eight successive years is the first large consumer machine and the first importer.At the beginning, the global economy to rebound in China that signs, center for structural adjustment of the machine tool, investment enterprise showed signs of rapid growth in order. Expected 2010 year machine tool industry growth will reach about 10%, metalcutting lathes will achieve a doubledigit growth in high, Metalworking machine tools will import and export growth restorative.Second, China machine industry , one is cheap product performance overcapacityDue to our whole industry in western industrialized countries behind the level of enterprise39。 input Processing performance than the general automatic machine, high precision machining factors, can be suitable for processing and small batch, high accuracy and frequent flow, shape and plex workpiece, and can obtain good economic results.Along with the development of numerical control technology, the machine adopts CNC system, increasing variety lathes, milling, boring, grinding, drilling, gear cutting machine tools and electric spark machine tools, etc. In addition, can automatically change in one of the many process card processing center, turning centers, etc.Development historyIn 1948, the United States pasonce pany accept entrust us air propeller blades, airplane outline model processing equipment. Due to the plex and varied shapes, template, high precision machining equipment to general, and put forward the idea of puter controlled machine tools. In 1949, the pany at the Massachusetts institute of technology (MIT) servo laboratory, CNC, and began to study in 1952 successfully trialproduced by large vertical copy the milling modification of three coordinates CNC milling machine, soon started production, in 1957 formally put into use. It is in the process of development of manufacturing technology, marks an important breakthrough in nc machining era. Nc machining is the foundation of modern manufacture technology, this invention for manufacturing industry, has epochmaking meaning and farreaching influence. The world39。蔡老師在后來的研究進(jìn)程中為我指點(diǎn)迷津，幫助我開拓研究思路，精心點(diǎn)撥、熱忱鼓勵(lì)。系統(tǒng)的分析與設(shè)計(jì)過程也是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的總結(jié)過程，更是進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)與探索的過程。工人把套上瓶蓋的瓶子放上輸送帶，此時(shí)按啟動(dòng)按鈕，旋蓋機(jī)開始工作。 、機(jī)型的選擇PLC按結(jié)構(gòu)分為整體型和模塊型兩類，按應(yīng)用環(huán)境分為現(xiàn)場(chǎng)安裝和控制室安裝兩類；按CPU字長(zhǎng)分為1位、4位、8位、16位、32位、64位等。在一個(gè)控制系統(tǒng)中，PLC將集中于功能于功能控制上，而MC將集中于信息處理上。（4）PLC(可編程控制器)與MC(微機(jī))控制的區(qū)別微型計(jì)算機(jī)是在以往計(jì)算機(jī)與大規(guī)模集成電路的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來的，其最大特點(diǎn)是運(yùn)算速度快，功能強(qiáng)，應(yīng)用范圍廣，在科學(xué)計(jì)算，科學(xué)管理和工業(yè)控制中都得到廣泛應(yīng)用。（3）順序控制 順序控制是PLC最基本、,就是按照工藝流程的順序,在控制信號(hào)的作用下,、速度快、可靠性高、成本低、便于維護(hù)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),所以在實(shí)現(xiàn)單機(jī)控制、多機(jī)群控制、限位開關(guān)及其它現(xiàn)場(chǎng)給來的指令信號(hào)和傳感器信號(hào),控制機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)部件進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的操作,、管道上電磁伐的自動(dòng)開啟和關(guān)閉、。、可編程序控制器的優(yōu)勢(shì)、特點(diǎn)及功能可編程控制器以體積小功能強(qiáng)大所著稱,它不但可以很容易地完成順序邏輯、運(yùn)動(dòng)控制、定時(shí)控制、計(jì)數(shù)控制、數(shù)字運(yùn)算、數(shù)據(jù)處理等功能,而且可以通過輸入輸出接口建立與各類生產(chǎn)機(jī)械數(shù)字量和模擬量的聯(lián)系,由于信息、網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代的到來,擴(kuò)展了PLC的功能,使它具有很強(qiáng)的聯(lián)網(wǎng)通訊能力,從而更廣泛地應(yīng)用于眾多行業(yè)。用戶在購到所需的PLC后，只需按說明書的提示，做少量的接線和簡(jiǎn)易的用戶程序編制工作，就可靈活方便地將PLC應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐。例如，用此磁力旋蓋頭處理某瓶蓋，則主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)磁、。當(dāng)Vm、r、Lm一定時(shí)，調(diào)節(jié)氣隙Lg，即可改變傳遞的力矩M。旋蓋頭磁力耦合傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)這里的磁力耦合傳動(dòng)屬平面軸向磁力耦合傳動(dòng)，其設(shè)計(jì)包括兩方面的內(nèi)容：磁路型式、磁性材料的選擇，磁力耦合系統(tǒng)力學(xué) 性能的計(jì)算。因此主動(dòng)磁力旋盤3與被動(dòng)磁力旋盤6構(gòu)成一磁力傳動(dòng)器，在磁力作用下，被動(dòng)磁力旋盤和旋嘴獲得力矩，將由旋嘴夾住的瓶蓋旋緊。 輸送帶；定位氣缸；光電傳感器；旋蓋頭； 電機(jī)；6升降氣缸；7控制面板； 旋蓋機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖、旋蓋機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)：旋蓋機(jī)是飲料灌裝過程中旋緊瓶蓋的專用設(shè)備,工作時(shí)必須保證適宜的旋緊力矩。 2）提高結(jié)合表面的光潔度和形狀精度，使結(jié)合表面上的接觸點(diǎn)增多，從而提高結(jié)合面的接觸剛度。 在其它條件相同情況下，抗扭慣性矩Ic越大，扭轉(zhuǎn)變形越小，抗扭剛度越大。圓形截面機(jī)座：結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、緊湊，易于制造和造型設(shè)計(jì)，有較好的承載能力。本設(shè)計(jì)的機(jī)座采用的是45鋼，45鋼屬于調(diào)質(zhì)鋼，經(jīng)淬火加高溫回火后，具有良好的綜合力學(xué)性能，主要用于要求強(qiáng)度、塑性和韌性都較高的機(jī)械零件，如軸類零件。不同帶型、不同廠家生產(chǎn)、不同新舊程度 的V帶不易同組使用。 綜合上述損失，帶傳動(dòng)的效率約在80%～98%范圍內(nèi)，進(jìn)行傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，根據(jù)帶的種類選取。 （2）內(nèi)摩擦損失 帶在運(yùn)行中的反復(fù)伸縮，在帶輪上的撓曲會(huì)使帶體內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生摩擦引起功率損失。周節(jié)p等于相鄰兩齒對(duì)應(yīng)點(diǎn)間沿節(jié)線量得的尺寸，模數(shù)m＝p/π。三角膠帶的截面尺寸和長(zhǎng)度都有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格。高速環(huán)形帶薄而軟、撓性好、耐磨性好，且能制成無端環(huán)形，傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)，專用于高速傳動(dòng)。傳動(dòng)型式有開口傳動(dòng)、交叉?zhèn)鲃?dòng)和半交叉?zhèn)鲃?dòng)等，分別適應(yīng)主動(dòng)軸與從動(dòng)軸不同相對(duì)位置和不同旋轉(zhuǎn)方向的需要。主要參數(shù)如表31所示：表31品牌ANIUEC型號(hào)LA1582BW35B1最高電壓380（V）額定發(fā)熱電流10（A）用途廣泛用于電控系統(tǒng)中頭部保護(hù)等級(jí)IP20產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證CCC,CE,UL、傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)本設(shè)計(jì)采用的傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)為以橡膠為原材料制作的三角帶傳動(dòng)，帶傳動(dòng)具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、傳動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、能緩沖吸振