【正文】 未見過這樣奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子)(11) how 的幾個短語：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時態(tài),對表示頻度的詞語進行提問； how soon“多久以后”,用于將來時態(tài)； how long“多久”,用于過去時、完成時或其他時態(tài)； how many times“多少次”,用于過去時或完成時,對總計次數(shù)進行提問； how much“多么,多少”,對程度進行提問,也可以對數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進行提問。句型是：主語(‘A’) + 謂語動詞 + less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級 + than + 第二個人物(‘B’) +….I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認為英語不比數(shù)學難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認為學外語不那么重要嗎？)(3) 講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個時,用最高級。)n 七、介詞1. 介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨立使用。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了)(4) 介詞有時會與它的賓語分離,而且賓語前置。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th./ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning. / His glasses are right on his nose. / He is at the cinema at the moment.(2) after與in：“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在…時刻之后”常用于一般時態(tài)；“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來時態(tài)。如：Every year travellers from abroad e to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個星期他患重感冒)(2) for有時用來引出動詞不定式的邏輯主語,常翻譯成“對于…而言”。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰的書最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個最重？)(6) 上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個事物的詞時,用比較級,而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三個或三個以上事物時,用最高級?；揪湫褪牵褐髡Z(sb./sth) + 謂語動詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容詞/副詞原級 +….He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當快)☆表示兩者之間沒有差別時,使用句型：主語(第一個人物) + 謂語動詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物 +….He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).☆表示第一個人比不上第二個人時,使用句型：主語+ 謂語動詞(否定式) + as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as + 第二個人物+….He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒他妹妹那么興奮) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋果不如農(nóng)民多)(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個人物超過第二個人物時,用比較級。②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學習更努力,不然你考不進那所好學校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)(5) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時)用于一般現(xiàn)在時、 sometime(在將來某時)用于將來時、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時間)表示一段時間。③ago與before：ago只能用于過去時,before用于完成時。)2. 有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋：(1) as…as…常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能…地)。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請告訴我你的英語是怎樣學得這么好的方法)i) 其它副詞：如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / Tom doesn’t have a puter. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒有計算機,我也沒有。1. 副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：(1) 作狀語：a) 時間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾，already、just一般放在動詞的前面。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你還有什么要為自己說的嗎？(12) special與especial：表示事件不同尋常、過分或特殊時,兩個詞可互換,但special較為常用。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (這個人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書很有趣,你會真正獲得享受) / I am interested in science.(我對自然科學感興趣)(5) such用法： such + a(n) + 名詞(單數(shù))(+that從句)。如：The price sounds reasonable.(這個價格聽起來算是合理)(3) 賓語補足語時放在賓語之后。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了)(3) 周名,月名或季節(jié)名前一般不用。如：Who is the first one to go?(誰第一個去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽離地球最近)(7) 常用在樂器名稱的前面。2. 定冠詞the的用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The third lesson is rather difficult.(第三課相當難)/ Shall we read the text a third time?(我們把課文讀第三遍,好嗎？)n 五、冠詞1. 不定冠詞a / an的用法（an用在元音開頭的詞的前面）：(1) 表示某一個人或東西,但不具體說明何人或何物。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀請了誰參加你的生日聚會的？)What does she want to be when she grows up?(她長大了想干什么？)[注] 注意這個提問：The man in the car is my father.(車里的男人是我父親)→Which man is your father?(哪個男人是你的父親？)n 四、數(shù)詞： 1. 序數(shù)詞作“幾分之幾”講時,有復數(shù)形式。)None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒有一個朋友來看我。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丟失了一本書,我也是。(7) few、little、a few、a little：few、little “很少幾個”、“幾乎沒有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有幾個”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物, little、a little與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替不可數(shù)的事物。both指兩個人或物。what,who,whom,which,whose8. 不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那會割傷你的) 作同位語表示強調(diào) The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他沒有講好)5. 指示代詞： 指示說明近處或遠處、上文或下文、以前或現(xiàn)在的人或事物。如：People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運動) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運會將在北京舉行)(被動句) / Our school football team won the league match(聯(lián)賽).(我們學校足球隊取得了聯(lián)賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了劃艇比賽)(2) festival、holiday、vacation： festival“節(jié)日”,指喜慶的日子或持續(xù)一段時間的文娛活動；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風俗習慣,復數(shù)可以表示一個較長的假期；vacation“假期”,指學習或工作中一段長時間的休息。如：a fine daughter of the Party(黨的好女兒).[注] 兩人共有某物時,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom“of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞”,稱為雙重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父親的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)4. 名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數(shù)的一致問題：(1) 主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式：如：The puter was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發(fā)明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)(2) 集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,a) 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數(shù)形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.b) 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數(shù)形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(3) maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù)：The news is very exciting. (4) glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復數(shù)形式,故謂語用復數(shù)。2. 可數(shù)名詞的單復數(shù)：(1) s,o,x ,sh,ch結(jié)尾加es. 少數(shù)以o結(jié)尾只加s。b) 動詞→名詞,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。He wrote me a letter .有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語,放在直接賓語后面,來強調(diào)間接賓語。(2) 謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.(5) 動詞(v.)： 表示動作或狀態(tài)。如：good, right, white, orange . (4) 數(shù)詞(num.)： 表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。通常用名詞或代詞擔任。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。 Japanese；English c) 派生副詞：①形容詞+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly(3) 轉(zhuǎn)換法：a) 形容詞→動詞,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄干凈),等。(2) 普通