【正文】 d Robert.(4) 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。如：Who is the first one to go?(誰(shuí)第一個(gè)去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太陽(yáng)離地球最近)(7) 常用在樂(lè)器名稱的前面。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(11) same之前一般用the。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的鋼筆比你的昂貴多了)(3) 周名,月名或季節(jié)名前一般不用。如：On Children’s Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在兒童節(jié),這些男孩經(jīng)常得到父母的禮物)(7) 球類名詞前不用。如：The price sounds reasonable.(這個(gè)價(jià)格聽(tīng)起來(lái)算是合理)(3) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)放在賓語(yǔ)之后。)The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球離地38萬(wàn)公里)2. 有關(guān)形容詞的用法辨析：(1) whole與all：① the whole + 名詞； ②all (of) the + 名詞。如：The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (這個(gè)人很有趣,孩子們都喜歡他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(這本書(shū)很有趣,你會(huì)真正獲得享受) / I am interested in science.(我對(duì)自然科學(xué)感興趣)(5) such用法： such + a(n) + 名詞(單數(shù))(+that從句)。如：I am full because I have had too much rice.(我飽了,因?yàn)槲页粤颂嗟拿罪? / That coat is much too dear.(那件大衣太貴了)(9) quick、fast與soon：quick與fast基本同義,quick往往指反應(yīng)速度快,fast往往指運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快,而soon則表示時(shí)間上很快即將發(fā)生。) / Do you have anything else to say for yourself?(你還有什么要為自己說(shuō)的嗎？(12) special與especial：表示事件不同尋常、過(guò)分或特殊時(shí),兩個(gè)詞可互換,但special較為常用。living：①“活著的、現(xiàn)存的”,②一模一樣的、逼真的,③相當(dāng)于lively,“強(qiáng)烈的、活潑的”；live：指東西“活的”,可以替換為living；alive：作表語(yǔ),指人“活著的”,如果作定語(yǔ),則放在名詞的后面；lively：①有生氣的、活潑的、快活的,②(色彩)鮮艷的,③生動(dòng)的、真實(shí)的。1. 副詞在句子中的位置以及作用：(1) 作狀語(yǔ)：a) 時(shí)間副詞：一般放在句首或句尾，already、just一般放在動(dòng)詞的前面。但注意,enough總是放在被修飾的形容詞或動(dòng)詞的后面；only位置比較靈活,總是放在被修飾的詞的前面。如：This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived.(這就是張先生曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的地方)/ Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well.(請(qǐng)告訴我你的英語(yǔ)是怎樣學(xué)得這么好的方法)i) 其它副詞：如：He went to the Palace Museum and I went there,too.(他去了故宮博物院,我也去了) / Maybe your ticket is in your inside pocket.(也許你的票就在你的里邊衣袋里) / Tom doesn’t have a puter. –Nor do I.(湯姆沒(méi)有計(jì)算機(jī),我也沒(méi)有。如：Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell!(吉姆,把你的臟襪子拿開(kāi)！它們?cè)谏l(fā)著臭氣。)2. 有關(guān)副詞的重要注釋：(1) as…as…常構(gòu)成一些詞組：as soon as…(一旦…就…), as well as…(同樣), as+形容詞/副詞+as possible(盡可能…地)。如：The house costs as much as five hundred thousand yuan.(那幢房子花費(fèi)高達(dá)50萬(wàn)元。③ago與before：ago只能用于過(guò)去時(shí),before用于完成時(shí)。)/ You can also find the market is very good.(你還可以發(fā)覺(jué)那個(gè)市場(chǎng)很好。如：He is very stupid.(他很笨)/ The film was very moving and everyone swept.(電影非常動(dòng)人,大家都哭了)/ You must work much harder or you will fail to enter the good school.(你得學(xué)習(xí)更努力,不然你考不進(jìn)那所好學(xué)校)/ I don’t like him much.(我不太喜歡他)(5) sometimes、 sometime、 some times 、some time的用法：sometimes(有時(shí))用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、 sometime(在將來(lái)某時(shí))用于將來(lái)時(shí)、 some times(數(shù)次)表示次數(shù)、some time(一些時(shí)間)表示一段時(shí)間。如：Have you done it already?(你已經(jīng)做好了？) / I have not had my breakfast yet.(我還沒(méi)有吃早飯呢。②too/so/how+形容詞+a+名詞。此外,much也可以修飾比較級(jí)形/副?；揪湫褪牵褐髡Z(yǔ)(sb./sth) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + (very/too/so/quite/rather…) + 形容詞/副詞原級(jí) +….He is very old now.(他現(xiàn)在很老了) / They ran quite fast.(它們跑得相當(dāng)快)☆表示兩者之間沒(méi)有差別時(shí),使用句型：主語(yǔ)(第一個(gè)人物) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + as + 形容詞/副詞原級(jí) + as + 第二個(gè)人物 +….He is as excited as his younger sister.(他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.(莉莉騎車像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as the farmers (did).☆表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型：主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(否定式) + as / so + 形容詞/副詞原級(jí) + as + 第二個(gè)人物+….He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.(他沒(méi)他妹妹那么興奮) / Lily did not ride her bike so / as slowly as an old lady. (莉莉騎車不像老太太那樣慢) / They didn’t pick so / as many apples as the farmers (did). (他們摘的蘋(píng)果不如農(nóng)民多)(2) 講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物超過(guò)第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。如：The more trees we plant,the better it will be.(我們?cè)缘臉?shù)越多,情況就會(huì)越好)/ The harder you try,the greater your progress is.(你越是努力,進(jìn)步就越大)(2) 一般的形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)前面可以加much/a little/even/still,而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/ any/ no/ one/ two/ many/ several/ a lot等詞。如：Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei?(林濤和韓梅誰(shuí)的書(shū)最多？)/ Which is the heaviest,a pig,a horse or an elephant?(豬、馬、象哪個(gè)最重？)(6) 上下文中含有both/either/neither/two/twins等表示兩個(gè)事物的詞時(shí),用比較級(jí),而且往往還要加the；含有all/none/no one/ every 等表示三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上事物時(shí),用最高級(jí)。有些介詞是由兩個(gè)以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)介詞,如：out of(從…中出來(lái)), because of(因?yàn)?, away from(距離…), on top of(在…頂上), ever since(自從…), next to(在…隔壁), according to(根據(jù)…)等。如：Every year travellers from abroad e to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國(guó)外的游客來(lái)游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個(gè)星期他患重感冒)(2) for有時(shí)用來(lái)引出動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ),常翻譯成“對(duì)于…而言”。Who are you talking about?(你們?cè)谡務(wù)撜l(shuí)？)b) 賓語(yǔ)在從句中當(dāng)連接詞時(shí)。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th./ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning. / His glasses are right on his nose. / He is at the cinema at the moment.(2) after與in：“after+(具體時(shí)刻/從句)”表示“在…時(shí)刻之后”常用于一般時(shí)態(tài)；“in+(一段時(shí)間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。) / Do you know who our teacher is talking with over there?(你知道我們的老師在那邊和什么人談話嗎？)c) 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)且該動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞,后面有介詞。如：It’s very nice/kind of you to do so.(你這么做真是太好了)(4) 介詞有時(shí)會(huì)與它的賓語(yǔ)分離,而且賓語(yǔ)前置。如：The man came down the stairs.(狀)(那個(gè)人走下樓來(lái))/The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來(lái)自鄉(xiāng)下)/The teacher is now with the pupils.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)3. 介詞短語(yǔ)在句子中的位置：做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)可以放在句首或句尾；作表語(yǔ)時(shí)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。)n 七、介詞1. 介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。 less than=：I lived in New York for more than four months.(我在紐約生活了四個(gè)多月)(4) “one of the +最高級(jí)+名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”整個(gè)短語(yǔ)為單數(shù)含義,謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式。句型是：主語(yǔ)(‘A’) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 + less+ (多音節(jié)形/副)比較級(jí) + than + 第二個(gè)人物(‘B’) +….I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/ Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language?(你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語(yǔ)不那么重要嗎？)(3) 講述某人/物是一群之中最突出的一個(gè)時(shí),用最高級(jí)。如The runner was badly hurt.(賽跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員受了重傷) / English is widely spoken in the world today.(如今世界上英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很廣泛)3. 形容詞、 副詞的原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)(1) 規(guī)則變化:單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)，在原級(jí)的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。如：I have never seen such a strange guy(家伙).(我從未見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣奇怪的家伙) / It is quite a nice day for a walk.(這真是散步的好日子)(11) how 的幾個(gè)短語(yǔ)：how often“多常,每隔多久”,用于一般時(shí)態(tài),對(duì)表示頻度的詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)； how soon“多久以后”,用于將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)； how long“多久”,用于過(guò)去時(shí)、完成時(shí)或其他時(shí)態(tài)； how many times“多少次”,用于過(guò)去時(shí)或完成時(shí),對(duì)總計(jì)次數(shù)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)； how much“多么,多少”,對(duì)程度進(jìn)行提問(wèn),也可以對(duì)數(shù)量(不可數(shù))或金錢進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：They study English very hard.(他們英語(yǔ)學(xué)得很刻苦)/ You can hardly see a person spit in a public place.(在公共場(chǎng)所你幾乎看不到一個(gè)人隨地吐痰)(9) like...very much、like...better(=prefer)、like...best的用法：三個(gè)短語(yǔ)分別表示“非常喜歡”、“更喜歡”、“最喜歡”。)/ I will meet your father sometime.(我什么時(shí)候要見(jiàn)見(jiàn)你的父親。如：It’s too/so/very/quite expensive.(它太貴/那么貴/非常貴/相當(dāng)貴。)(3) too、also、either、nor的用法：too(“也”)用于肯定句和疑問(wèn)句的末尾,且用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；also(“也”)用于肯定句句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前；either(“也”)用于否定句末尾,也用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；nor(