勞動(dòng)與社會(huì)保障外文翻譯(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 收入和消費(fèi)是不相關(guān)的。最終檢驗(yàn)其可接受性當(dāng)然是這種現(xiàn)象其實(shí)是觀察，最下面是專門討論這個(gè)問題。部分抵消另一樣的所有值的永久組成部分。 probability distributions to facilitate the estimation of the parameters of the system from observed data. I shall, however, largely neglect the problem of statistical estimation, and so we need not go into such conditions. A more important qualification is that, for simplicity of exposition, equations () and () express the relation between observed ine and its permanent and transitory ponents as additive. The form of the relation is important because it may affect the empirical validity of such specifications of the characteristics of the probability distributions as () and (), as well as the validity of using specifications of other characteristics of the distribution that are convenient statistically. From this point of view, I conjecture that a multiplicative specification is preferable for ine and. consumption data. If we let capital letters stand for the 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯 5 logarithms of the variables designated by the corresponding lower case letters, the equations defining the hypothesis then take the following alternative form: Many of the results that follow apply equally to both forms of the hypothesis, requiring only that the same symbol be interpreted in one case as an absolute value, in the other, as a logarithm. For any significant results for which this is not true, the logarithmic expressions are given in footnotes. 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯 6 這篇文章選自 消費(fèi)函數(shù)理論 第 26 至 30 頁，作者弗里德曼。 it is not, however, inconsistent with zero correlation. Zero correlation implies only that the39。s neighbors, so some ments on the intuitive plausibility of the assumption are not out of order. The mon notion that savings, or at least certain ponents of savings, are a residual speaks strongly for the plausibility of the assumption. For this notion implies that consumption is determined by rather longterm considerations, so that any transitory changes in ine lead primarily to additions to assets or to the use of previously accumulated balances rather than to corresponding changes in consumption. Yet from another point of view, the assumption seems highly implausible. Will not a man who receives an unexpected windfall use at least some part of it in riotous living, . in consumption expenditures? Would he be likely to add the whole of it to his wealth? The answer to these questions depends greatly on bow consumption is defined. The offhand affirmative answer reflects in large measure,I believe, an implicit definition of consumption in terms of purchases, including durable goods, rather than in terms of the value of services. If the latter definition is adopted, as seems highly desirable in applying the hypothesis to empirical data— though unfortunately I have been
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