【正文】 船上交貨(188。 The contractor shall not, without the prior consent of the Employer, assign the Contract or any part thereof, or any benefit or interest therein or thereunder, otherwise than by: 沒有業(yè)主的事先同意，承包人不得將合同或合同的任何部分，或合同中或合同名下的任何利益或好處進行轉(zhuǎn)讓，但下列情況除外： Therein: in the contract Thereunder: under the contract——thereof thereof: of that, of it. 由此，其。 The decision and award of the arbitration tribunal shall be final, and judgment on the decision and award in question may, under the request of either party to the Contract, be made by any court having jurisdiction. The parties thereto shall, in good faith, ply with the decision and award of the arbitration tribunal. 仲裁庭的仲裁決定或裁決是終局性的，任何一方可以要求任何有管轄權(quán)的法院對此做出司法判決。常用于合同協(xié)議書中以引出合同當事人應承擔的主要合同義務。所以，shall在譯文里，通常表示“應該”或“必須”，當然，也有不翻譯的時候。shall沒有譯出。 The board meeting shall be called and presided over by the Chairman. Should the Chairman be absent, the viceChairmen shall, in principle, call and preside over the board meeting. 董事會應由董事長召集并主持，若董事長缺席，原則上應由副董事長召集主持。如果句中接連出現(xiàn)這類詞語，其風格自然顯得鄭重、嚴肅具有濃厚的正式文體色彩。該詞由兩個同義詞 unless和otherwise組成，otherwise有代詞作用，后面一般跟動詞的過去分詞限定，意為“除非另……”；再如“unless otherwise specified in the Contract / the Letter of Credit”， 即可譯為“除非合同/信用證另有規(guī)定”。這里可以利用尤金雖然商務合同英文中的句法特點有很多，比如多用陳述句、多用現(xiàn)在時、多用被動語態(tài)、多用名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)等等，但本節(jié)結(jié)合翻譯難點，重點探討長句，尤其是條件從句的特點和翻譯方法。 In respect thereof 在表示關(guān)于上文已提及的事項時使用。The Engineer may exercise such authority as is specified or necessarily implied in the Contract. Provided that if, under the terms and conditions of the appointment by the Employer, the Engineer shall be required to obtain the specific approval of the Employer before exercising any such authority, the details of the requirements in question shall be specified in the Contract. 工程師可行使合同中規(guī)定的或者合同中必然隱含的權(quán)力。 be liable to sb.: be responsible in accordance with law. 應負有責任。Undesigned: 法律文件末尾的簽名者，前面加定冠詞the，是指文件簽署者的自稱。 A listed pany shall, pursuant to laws and administrative regulations, make public periodically its financial and operational conditions. The listed pany shall, in each fiscal year, publish its financial statements once every six months. 上市公司必須按照法律、行政法規(guī)的規(guī)定，定期公開財務狀況和經(jīng)營情況，在每會計年度內(nèi)半年公布一次財務會計報告。as的用法 由于法律文件的語言要求嚴密、準確，以避免似是而非，造成誤解，通常用such 188。發(fā)出）施工、完成工程及修補工程中缺陷所必須的補充圖紙和指示188。 （188。該協(xié)議書的擬定和簽訂費用由業(yè)主承擔。 為了做到準確、嚴密、清楚、易解，這類英文句子的結(jié)構(gòu)有其自己的一定規(guī)則，較典型的就是狀語的位置。 In Testimony Whereof, the Parties hereto have caused this agreement to be duly made and executed as of the day and year first written above. 雙方于協(xié)議文首所訂日期，正式簽署本合同，特此為證。但是，應由保險公司或航運公司負責的損失除外。 Either Party hereto may terminate this Agreement in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of the other party. 本協(xié)議任何一方可以在對方破產(chǎn)或資不抵債的情況下終止本協(xié)議。 When, under the laws and approval from the relevant authorities, a limited liability pany is converted into a pany limited by shares, the total amount which shares are converted into shall be equivalent to the amount of the pany’s net assets. 有限責任公司依法經(jīng)批準更為股份有限公司時，折合的股份總額應當相當于公司的凈資產(chǎn)額。 如果說商務合同的用詞具有專業(yè)、準確、正式的特點，那么商務合同的句法則有結(jié)構(gòu)嚴謹、句式較長的特點。再如：　 17）This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B?！? 15）These articles shall apply to documentary credits, including stand by letters of credit, to the extent to which the credits in question shall be applicable, and shall be binding on the Parties to the Contract, unless otherwise expressly agreed by the Parties thereto.（本條文適用于一切跟單信用證，并包括在其適用范圍內(nèi)的備用信用證，對合同各有關(guān)方面均具有約束力，除非另有約定。如：　 The Licensee will notify the Licensor and shall assist the Licensor in taking such action as the Licensor deems appropriate。 在表示“應該”或“必須” 時，有時也可以用will，但力度要比shall弱。 　 11）The quality and prices of the modities to be exchanged between the eximporters in the two countries shall be acceptable to both sides. （貨物的質(zhì)量和價格必須使進出口雙方都能接受?！? b. Shall：在合同中并不是單純的將來時，一般用它來表示法律上可以強制執(zhí)行的義務（Obligation）。 Whereas Party A desires to use the Patented Technology of Party B to manufacture and sell the Contract Products?！猼hereafter, thereto, therewith, therefor, thereunder Thereafter: after that, 此后，之后Thereto：to that, 隨附，附之Therewith: with that, 與此，與之Therefor,: for that, 因之，為此Thereunder: under that, 在其下，依照 “Contract Products” means the products specified in Appendix 2 to this Contract, together with all improvements and modifications thereof or developments with respect thereto. “合同產(chǎn)品”指本合同附件2中規(guī)定的產(chǎn)品及其改進和開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品。工程中的188。 The term “FOB”, “CFR” or “CIF” shall be subject to the “International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms” (INCOTERMS, 2000) provided by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) unless otherwise specified herein (in this Contract). 除非本合同另有規(guī)定， “FOB”, “CFR” 或 “CIF” 均應依照國際商會制定的《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則（INCOTERMS）2000》辦理。仲裁裁決是終局性的，對雙方都有約束力。 The terms, conditions and provisions hereof：本合同的條件和條款。 英語中某些副詞如“here”和 “where”在法律文件中往往當作前綴，與另外一個詞構(gòu)成一個正式法律詞匯中的副詞，在法律文件中用這些詞，可以避免重復，使行文準確、簡潔。一個簡單的理解方法是：here代表this，there代表that，where代表what/which。例如： 請再看以下幾例：　 4）Contractor shall assure full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. (初始譯文：在項目接收之前，承包方應對工程承擔全部責任。一、用詞專業(yè)，具有法律意味（professional or legal）（一）根據(jù)不同的專業(yè)來確定詞義。（3）外語與相關(guān)的專業(yè)知識和國際法知識相結(jié)合 The Engineer shall have authority to issue to the Contractor, from time to time, such supplementary Drawings and instructions as shall be necessary for the purpose of the proper and adequate execution and pletion of the works and the remedying of any defects therein. 工程師有權(quán)隨時向承包人發(fā)出為合理和恰當施工，竣工及修補工程中的缺陷所必須的補充圖紙和指示。總體上看，合同的詞匯特點體現(xiàn)在以下兩大方面： 一、用詞專業(yè)，具有法律意味（professional or legal） 二、用詞正式、準確（formal and accurate）（1）使用正式的法律用詞 The Appendix hereto shall, through the contract period, be deemed (被認為) to be construed (理解)as part of this Contract. 整個合同期間，本合同的附件應被視為合同的一部分予以解釋。 （二）前文[2] 從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，本條屬于“前文”部分；但從內(nèi)容上講，又屬于合同的一般條款。根據(jù)美國語言學家Martin Joos（1962）年的分類，合同英語屬于莊重文體（the frozen style），是各種英語文體中正式程度最高的一種。比如，99年中國《合同法》規(guī)定，Contacts referred to in this Law are agreements establishing, modifying and terminating the civil rights and obli