【正文】 著技術(shù)與組織方面的改變。 s increasing inability to satisfy demand efficiently and equitably is a problem with which all nations have to cope in trying to advance economic and social progress. Energysupply constraints, high capital and operating costs, often with excessive foreignexchange ponents, and the seriousness of transportrelated environmental pollution account in large part for this problem. But transport is and will continue to be an essential requirement for world development and human welfare. There is no other choice but to look for alternatives to present transport systems or to modify the technical and operational characteristics of related modes so that energy consumption and costs wil1 be reduced and environmental impacts can be kept at a minimum. Obviously, the development of transport demand will have to be controlled.運輸部門 39。過高的人口和產(chǎn)業(yè)的濃度在世界一些地區(qū)，這種對環(huán)境的不利影響已達(dá)到高水平。當(dāng)前社會的需要和喜好，以及成本效益的經(jīng)濟(jì)上的要求，在現(xiàn)有的各種運輸模式普遍達(dá)到而是特定的功能。這導(dǎo)致更大、 更快的船舶和更可靠和堅固的陸地車輛。事實上，今天的各種形式和組織安排運輸仍高度受回應(yīng)社會需求和偏好的變化。運輸署早期功能是滿足基本需要搬運糧食供應(yīng)和建材等領(lǐng)域。再次，運輸提供所需的這種部落之間、 國際和洲際最后的文化交流和貿(mào)易的流動。在這樣的地方和國際沖突的時期人類智慧制定新運輸技術(shù)往往證明的生存空間，有時勝利的決定性因素。 s transport systems, which include air, surface, and water transport. Special industry needs have led to the development of transport modes that have rather limited applications, such as pipelines, cables, and belts. Within current societal needs and preferences, as well as the economic requirements of cost effectiveness, the various existing transport modes generally fulfill rather specific functions.今天的表現(xiàn)是逐漸演化的日益復(fù)雜的交通工具 39。這造成了股權(quán)問題，因為業(yè)務(wù)費用所需的費用不是負(fù)擔(dān)得起的所有人口群體，從而限制了他們的流動性和福利。特別是石油需求和石油供應(yīng)的非均衡性，引起嚴(yán)重的通脹問題在許多國家中出現(xiàn)。很明顯，發(fā)展的運輸需求將不得不加以控制。You feel pleased with yourself that you have preceded your incar navigation system with the coordinates of your final destination，and soon you are obtaining instructions on your best route with information updated from the local travel control center．離開家里，淵前通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)檢查您的旅游安排。 s 咨詢文件。3．Any traffic management and control system needs information on traffic flows，speeds，queues，incidents(accidents，vehicle breakdowns，obstructions)air quality and vehicle types，lengths and weights．任何一種交通管理和控制系統(tǒng)都需要如下信息：交通流、車速、排隊、交通事件(事故、車損、障礙物)、空氣質(zhì)量以及車輛的類型、長度與重量。4．The positioning of bus stops is often dictated by practicalities such as avoiding banks and post offices，where space for special deliveries is required, and avoiding creating poor sight lines for side road traffic．公交站點位置通常以實用性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來選定，例如避開銀行和郵局，因為那里要有進(jìn)行特別遞送活動的空間，而且也要避免造成路邊交通視線不好的情況。s Car Systems CARIN. Similar products, such as the VICS advanced mobile information service, are monly available in Japan.Notes1．Transport telematics，also known as intelligent transport systems (ITS)，are concerned with the application of electronic information and control to improve transport． 交通運輸遠(yuǎn)程信息處理系統(tǒng)，通常也被稱為智能交通系統(tǒng) (ITS系統(tǒng))，是利用電子信息和控制技術(shù)來改善交通的系統(tǒng)。你不是驚訝的時候，在下一個路口，路邊的可變信息標(biāo)志 (VM) 確認(rèn)這 ； 高速公路消息真的可信現(xiàn)在Using transport elematics All these information and control services, and many more besides, are discussed in the UK Government39。一些新的制度已經(jīng)實施和執(zhí)行的步伐將會加快。但運輸是并將繼續(xù)是世界的發(fā)展和人類福利的基本要求。大多數(shù)現(xiàn)有交通工具都依賴石油衍生品的正常運作。運輸技術(shù)的一些暗示能耗高，所需大量資金投入生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)營。作為隨后濃度的人才及專業(yè)知識的結(jié)果，更多先進(jìn)的傳輸技術(shù)如飛機(jī)和，最近，火箭推進(jìn)發(fā)展。尋找合適的技術(shù)是相對無約束。部落群體形成和逐步確立其地理特征，運輸日益需要開放地區(qū)的發(fā)展，以提供對天然資源，促進(jìn)族裔間的貿(mào)易，并調(diào)動本土防衛(wèi)的訪問。在第一次有流動性所需的個人、 宗族、 家庭和動物保護(hù)他們免遭，和逃避危險自然災(zāi)害和部落的侵略行為，并在尋找最好的地方定居。幾百年來，特別是在本地經(jīng)濟(jì)的起飛階段期間，社會需要快速、 可靠、 和低成本的運輸。在運輸領(lǐng)域研發(fā)終于成為組織的承諾與特定的目標(biāo)。s potential to meet effectively numerous societal mobility needs improved continuously, it became evident that such effectiveness had its price. A number of transport technologies implied high energy consumption and required substantial capital inputs in production and operation. As a result, several transport modes became expensive to the user. This caused equity problems because charges required to cover operating costs were not affordable by all population groups, thus limiting their mobility and welfare. Many governments chose to subsidize transport, but quickly realized that the budget implications often caused serious distortions in their national economies.雖然運輸?shù)臐摿σ詽M足有效眾多社會流動性需要不斷改善，很明顯這種有效性了它的價格。Finally, problems caused by dwindling world energy resources, particularly petroleum, have increasingly impeded transport services and operations. Most existing transport modes are critically dependent on petroleum derivatives for proper functioning. With unabated growth of demand for transport and a progressively limited supply of energy, the costs of providing transport have increased steadily. In particular, the disproportion of petroleum requirements and petroleum supply has caused serious inflationary problems to arise in many countries. Especially hard hit are countries with a partial or total dependence on an external petroleum supply, which have experienced growing deficits in their current accounts.最后，特別是石油、 世界能源資源日益減少，所引起的問題越來越多地阻礙了交通服務(wù)和操作。能源供應(yīng)約束、 較高的資本和經(jīng)營成本，往往與過度外匯組件和運輸有關(guān)環(huán)境污染帳戶在很大程度上對這一問題的嚴(yán)重性。33Unit 3 Transport TelematicsText Introduction Transport telematics，also known as intelligent transport systems (ITS)，are concerned with the application of electronic information and control to improve transport．Some new systems have already been implemented and the pace of implementation can be expected to quicken．With a crystal ball，we can foresee how a typical journey to work may look in 10 years time．運輸信息通訊，也稱為智能交通系統(tǒng) （ITS），涉及電子信息與控制應(yīng)用提高運輸。突然間，這是給你一件事你的路線上的信息的電臺交通消息通道服務(wù)被中斷。s copilot dynamic route guidance system trialled in Berlin and Stuttgart and Philip39。3．One of the major causes of delay in urban areas for buses and general traffic is inconsiderate parking near bus stops． 隨意在公交車站附近停車是引起市區(qū)公交車和總體交通延誤的主要原因之一。 4．Interurban network management systems will have similar objectives but will make greater