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電視廣播大學(xué)幼兒游戲與玩具形成性考核作業(yè)答案小抄(存儲(chǔ)版)

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【正文】 second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。 his only training in a social setting came from his church choir, where he displayed a pure voice and a keen memory for songs. More often than not, however, he skipped choir practice to sing with street minstrels for caf233。s first oneman show in 1948 established him as a highly influential artist. His intensely plicated abstract paintings of the 1940s were followed by images of Woman, grotesque versions of buxom womanhood, which were virtually unparalleled in the sustained savagery of their execution. Painters such as Philip Guston and Franz Kline turned to the abstract late in the 1940s and soon developed strikingly original styles—the former, lyrical and evocative, the latter, forceful and boldly dramatic. Other important artists involved with the movement included Hans Hofmann, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko。 an enzyme (cholinesterase) breaks the transmitter down into choline and an acetate ion. The choline is then available for reuptake into the nerve terminal. These same principles apply to cholinergic transmission at sites other than neuromuscular junctions, although the structure of the synapses differs. In the autonomic nervous system these include nervetonerve synapses at the relay stations (ganglia) in both the sympathetic and the parasympathetic divisions, and the endings of parasympathetic nerve fibres on nonvoluntary (smooth) muscle, the heart, and glandular cells。丟手絹的人要不知不覺地將手絹丟在其中一人的身后。 例如,他們會(huì)學(xué)著媽媽炒菜的樣子、學(xué)警察站立不動(dòng)或者指揮交通的樣子、學(xué)醫(yī)生給病人看病或打針的樣子。 作用:培養(yǎng)幼兒良好的品質(zhì);培養(yǎng)幼兒良好的行為方式;有利于發(fā)展幼兒的語言能 力 ,激發(fā)幼兒對(duì)文學(xué)藝術(shù)的興趣。 游戲的年齡特征。它們可直接充當(dāng)游戲的成員或設(shè)備,有助于幼兒模仿成人的活動(dòng),激 發(fā)幼兒游戲的興趣和愿望。 (例子可參照教材 P5559) 3.試論述如何在幼兒園中體現(xiàn)以游戲?yàn)榛净顒?dòng)。 主要觀點(diǎn): ( 1)游戲起源于社會(huì)生活; ( 2)游戲不是兒童的天賦本能活動(dòng),而是發(fā)展 到一定階段才出現(xiàn)的活動(dòng); ( 3)游戲活動(dòng)具有想象性和規(guī)則性; ( 4)游戲?qū)和兄薮蟮? 發(fā)展價(jià)值; ( 5)游戲促進(jìn)了兒童對(duì)角色的認(rèn)識(shí) 貢獻(xiàn):強(qiáng)調(diào)游戲的發(fā)展是兒童與成人相互作用的結(jié)果;賦予游戲以更為積極的重要價(jià) 值;對(duì)于學(xué)前教育實(shí)踐具有重要影響。 幼兒在游戲中 , 內(nèi)在現(xiàn)實(shí)超出了外在現(xiàn)實(shí) , 物體的日常意義被疏忽 , 而代替以游戲中新的意義。主要觀點(diǎn)是: ( 1)環(huán)境刺激是覺醒 的重要源泉 ( 2)機(jī)體具有維持體內(nèi)均衡的主動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制 ( 3)當(dāng)有新異刺激機(jī)會(huì)體采用探索的方法來下降覺醒程度 ( 4)當(dāng)缺少刺激時(shí)機(jī)體采取游戲的方式來進(jìn)步覺醒水平 2.經(jīng)典游戲理論有哪些貢獻(xiàn)? ①在人類歷史上第一次嚴(yán)肅地思考并解釋了兒童游戲的原因與意義; ②從兒童生理的不 同側(cè)面對(duì)兒童游戲的原因與意義進(jìn)行解釋; ③從人的一般本性和共性角度對(duì)兒童游戲的原因 與意義進(jìn)行解釋; ④基本上肯定了游戲是兒童的一種重要活動(dòng), 是兒童心理發(fā)展的重要力量。 在 運(yùn)用過程中獲得快感,該游戲的主要表現(xiàn)形式為徒手游戲或重復(fù)的操作物體的游戲。主要觀點(diǎn)是:在童年時(shí)代就要游 戲,游戲提供了兒童準(zhǔn)備參加嚴(yán)肅生活的途徑,游戲是兒童未來生活最好的預(yù)備。主要觀點(diǎn)是:生物都有維持自己生存的能 力,身體健康的兒童除了維持正常生活外,還有剩余精力,剩余精力需要發(fā)泄,而游戲就是 一種剩余精力的發(fā)泄方式。 5.自主性體驗(yàn):談及游戲,幼兒的心理狀態(tài)總是放松的,因?yàn)樗麄兪怯螒虻闹魅?,? 有這種“權(quán)利”所引起的體驗(yàn)就是自主性體驗(yàn)。情景轉(zhuǎn)變,以物代物,以人代人是象征性游戲的基本構(gòu) 成要素。即幼兒游戲是在假想的情景中反映實(shí)在的活動(dòng) ,具備顯明的虛構(gòu)性。 ( 1)興趣性體驗(yàn) ( 2)自主性休會(huì) ( 3)勝率性體驗(yàn) ( 4)風(fēng)趣感 ( 5)勁力愉快 5.玩具有哪些教育作用? ①玩具有利于培養(yǎng)幼兒科學(xué)探索的精神;②玩具有利于培養(yǎng)幼兒審美能力和品德行為; ③玩具有利于幼兒認(rèn)知能力的發(fā)展。 (一)游戲?yàn)橛變禾峁┝松鐣?huì)交往的機(jī)會(huì),發(fā)展了幼兒社會(huì)交往的能力。 實(shí)際上,無論何種形式的游戲,其目的都指向幼兒的全面發(fā)展,有利于幼兒身心素質(zhì)的提高。 5. 智力玩具:是指用以發(fā)展幼兒智力的玩具,包括各種圖片、卡片和各種拼、插、套、 鑲嵌等材料。 中班:目的比較明確,對(duì)搭建材料的動(dòng)作和過程感興趣,也關(guān)心游戲的成果。 參考答案: 教師介入的方式主要有平行式介入、交叉式介入和垂直介入。角色游戲的一方提供消除情感的出路,減少情感上的失調(diào),戰(zhàn)勝情感上的障礙;另一方面以活動(dòng)成功的滿足,增強(qiáng)控制環(huán)境的能力,增長(zhǎng)信心。表現(xiàn)為由于區(qū)域布置的不合理,游戲開始就出現(xiàn)混亂,而教師此時(shí)沒有及時(shí)介入給予指導(dǎo);“飛機(jī)場(chǎng)”的游戲多少有些超出孩子們的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),故游戲過程中對(duì)“機(jī)長(zhǎng)”的指導(dǎo)應(yīng)該是重點(diǎn),在游戲開始前就該有適當(dāng)指導(dǎo),以確保游戲進(jìn)程順利,但教師卻是在登機(jī)后出現(xiàn)情況才介入;“機(jī)長(zhǎng)”關(guān)于飛機(jī)將 爆炸的說法影響了孩子們愉快的游戲心理,教師此時(shí)卻沒有任何反應(yīng);第一個(gè)航班“降落”后,第二個(gè)航班起飛時(shí),孩子們已有經(jīng)驗(yàn),教師此時(shí)卻完全介入甚至取代了孩子。 and there are some of each type in the brain. These terms are used because nicotine mimics the action of acetylcholine at nicotinic receptors, whereas muscarine, an alkaloid from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, mimics the action of acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors. Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter produced by neurons referred to as cholinergic neurons. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine plays a role in skeletal muscle movement, as well as in the regulation of smooth muscl
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