【正文】 年年增長，但運輸速度普遍下降，這都源于交通通行不佳。 然而，在此同時，城市道路建設(shè)規(guī)模也在加大，我國城市普遍存在道路密度， ————————————————————— ———————————————— 9 道路面積率偏低的問題，這是我國城市喲其是大城市有機的一個重要原因。最近幾年，國外仍偏向于引進自適應(yīng)理論來對交通信號控制系統(tǒng)進行研制，特別是美國有十幾個大學(xué)或研制機構(gòu)正在研制自適應(yīng)交通信號控制系統(tǒng)，具有代表性的有美國亞利桑那大學(xué)研制的 RHODES。這是道路交通控制技術(shù)發(fā)展的里程碑。 20 世紀 30 年代初，美國最早開始用車輛感應(yīng)式信號控制器，之后是英國，當時使用的車輛檢測器是氣動橡皮管檢測器。 單片機交通控制系統(tǒng)選題的現(xiàn)實意義 城市道路交通自動控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展是以城市交通信號控制技術(shù)為前導(dǎo)，與汽車工業(yè)并行發(fā)展的。 關(guān)鍵詞： 交通控制，傳感檢測， AT89C52，倒計時顯示，異常狀況判別及處理 ————————————————————— ———————————————— III Abstract Traffic control system is a modern society with logistics, travel etc of traffic development a unique set of public management system. To ensure the effective safety traffic, except for a series of traffic rules, still must through certain technological means to achieve. Based on analysis of traffic control, based on realtime detection sensor, adjust the implementation technology of intelligent control, realtime monitoring, sensor adjust vehicles time algorithm and singlechip microputer control function is proposed, which bines the traffic control system based on single chip design scheme. The 8051 microcontroller control system consists of the traffic lights display, 8051 monolithic integrated circuits, and LED the countdown, traffic violation detection, emergency adjustment, manual mode, time as modules. In addition to the basic traffic function outside, still have time to manually set, can pass the countdown, car that forced through traffic, inspection and adjustment, transportation and processing abnormal discriminant functions. Theory shows that the system can simple, economic and effective relieves traffic, improve the crossroads capacity. This design mainly do the following aspects: one is the work of the traffic control system design, including the crossroads, specific design and system should be restricted with each function, two is that the sensor, the hardware circuit design of the circuit and the basic function and requirement. Three is software system design, this system for I MCU assembly language, overall finished writing software. Key Words: traffic control, sensing detection, display, and countdown AT89C52 abnormal discrimination and processing. ————————————————————— ———————————————— IV 目 錄 摘 要 ............................................................................................................................................................. II Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... III 目 錄 .............................................................................................................................................................. IV 1 緒 論 ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 單片機交通控制系統(tǒng)的選題背景 ..................................................................................................... 6 單片機交通控制系統(tǒng)選題的現(xiàn)實意義 ............................................................................................. 6 國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及其發(fā)展 .................................................................................................................. 8 國內(nèi)外交通控制技術(shù) ................................................................................................................... 8 交通控制存在的問題 ................................................................................................................... 8 單片機交通控 制系統(tǒng)主要研究的內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................. 9 2 單片機交通控制系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 .............................................................................................................. 10 單片機交通控制系統(tǒng)的通行方案設(shè)計 ........................................................................................... 10 單片機交通控制系統(tǒng)的功能要求 ................................................................................................... 11 單片機交通控制系統(tǒng)的基本構(gòu)成及原理 ....................................................................................... 13 3 系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計 ............................................................................................................................... 14 系統(tǒng)硬件總電路構(gòu)成及原理 ............................................................................................................ 14 系統(tǒng)硬件電路構(gòu)成 ..................................................................................................................... 14 系統(tǒng)工作原理 ............................................................................................................................. 14 單片機的選擇 ..................................................................................................................................... 16 單片機的概述 ............................................................................................................................. 16 AT89C52 芯片的主要性能 ....................................................................................................... 16 AT89C52 芯片的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)框圖 ............................................................................................... 16 AT89C52 芯片最小系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................ 17 其它硬件介紹及連接 ........................................................................................................................ 18 車流量檢測電路及模擬 ............................................................................................................ 18 違規(guī)檢測電路及模擬 ................................................................................................................. 19 八段 LED數(shù)碼管 ....................................................................................................................... 20 其它器件 ...