【正文】
nan and Visvanathan (2020) find that firms with financial experts on their audit mittees are more conservative in their financial reporting. Such results suggest that greater financial expertise in the audit mittee is likely to result in increased monitoring and diligence and thus, higher quality of governance. This would lead to lesser likelihood of internal control deficiencies occurring. On the other hand, arguably the absence of experts makes it difficult to identify and thus report control weaknesses which implies the presence of experts is positively associated with internal control believe that the former explanation is more likely for the following reasons: as noted before, the prior literature documents that greater presence of expertise is associated with accounting attributes such as conservatism and earnings quality that potentially imply the presence of good control systems。 摘要 薩班斯 奧克斯利法案制定了包括 評價(jià) 公司治理與內(nèi)部控制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告不足之處的重要法規(guī)。實(shí)施第 404 條款之后,有關(guān)管理層披露公司的內(nèi)部控制財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)告及出具審計(jì)師的評估意見已成為審計(jì)委員會成員爭論的焦點(diǎn),而且執(zhí)行過程中的巨大成本費(fèi)用也遭到了很多人的批評 (所羅門和皮徹爾, 2020)。最后,我們強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的報(bào)告聲明在解決企業(yè)內(nèi)部控制薄弱環(huán)節(jié)中的作用,這些之前發(fā)布的報(bào)告重述聲明對改變治理結(jié)構(gòu) 會產(chǎn)生重大影響。因此,我們側(cè)重于委員會特征而不是管理規(guī)定的結(jié)果。 為了解決這個(gè)問題,我們考慮到了第二個(gè)特點(diǎn),會計(jì)或者非會計(jì)財(cái)務(wù)專家在審計(jì)委員會中的比例。我們認(rèn)為前者所作出解釋的可能原因如下:如前所述,文獻(xiàn)事先存在著較多的專業(yè)知識和與會計(jì)有關(guān)的文件屬性,如保守主義和盈利質(zhì)量,可能暗示了良好的控制系統(tǒng)的存在;克里斯納( 2020)在薩班斯法案時(shí)代之前的文件證明了審核委員會的專業(yè)和內(nèi)部控制薄弱環(huán)節(jié)之間的存在著負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系。我們的研究結(jié)果表明,審計(jì)委員會的積極性與報(bào)告內(nèi)部控制的弱點(diǎn)有關(guān)。 我們的研究受以下限制。較長時(shí)間的連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)將對 研究人員的研究有一定的幫助,例如,專家人數(shù)減少將導(dǎo)致報(bào)告的內(nèi)部控制弱點(diǎn)可能性的增加。我們關(guān)于內(nèi)部控制薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和與管理機(jī)制相關(guān)聯(lián)得結(jié)果的解釋,必須要結(jié)合當(dāng)時(shí)背景下來看。關(guān)于審計(jì)師的變量(能力和任期),結(jié)果表明審計(jì)師的變化沒有意義。研究這一時(shí)期是非常重要的,主 要有幾個(gè)原因。另一方面,專家也有難以識別控制弱點(diǎn)的情況。鑒于以前的研究,這些相互沖突的影響,我們沒有指定審計(jì)委員會的規(guī)模作為定向預(yù)測。例如,所有服務(wù)員于審計(jì)委員會的董事及公司在將來的報(bào)表披露,有至少一名委員會成員以金融專家的資格參與( SEC 2020 年)。我們所發(fā)現(xiàn)得是有關(guān)審計(jì)委員會的活動,而不是與內(nèi)部控制缺陷報(bào)告有關(guān)的活動,相關(guān)研究表明,未來對管理屬性的研究將不再局限于審計(jì)委員會規(guī)?;颡?dú)立董事人數(shù)等,因?yàn)樗_班斯法案所帶來的變化,在這些變量方面基本上建立了一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這些結(jié)果應(yīng)該會激起投資者、審計(jì)師以及那些對新的管理規(guī)則有興趣的調(diào)節(jié)者的濃厚興趣。這些結(jié)果是由各種公司的特別控制獲得的,比如經(jīng)營的復(fù)雜性,盈利能力和增長能力。 DeZoort, 1997。 (2020) documents a negative relationship between audit mittee expertise and internal control weaknesses in the preSOX era. Thus it can be argued that with the presence of audit mittee experts, systems and controls are probably in place to prevent weaknesses, and thus lead to lesser likelihood of reporting such that SOX requires the disclosure of the presence of an expert and the stock exchanges require the presence of an expert in the audit mittee. Because such requirements result in firms designating a single person most of the time as the audit mittee expert, there is very little variation among firms on the dimension of , if expertise truly matters one must take into account both the number of experts and the size of the audit mittee to capture variation among firms in terms of audit mittee financial expertise. Hence, we hypothesize that greater number of experts would lead to more effective audit mittees and thus we focus on the proportion (of experts on the audit mittee to the total number of directors on the audit mittee) rather than the mere presence of a single expert in audit mittees. CONCLUSION AND LIMITATIONS The objective of this paper is to study the role of audit mittees and auditors in the reporting of internal control weaknesses in the postSOX era. Studying this time period is important for several reasons. Unlike before, SOX requires disclosures of weaknesses。本文提供了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵的因素,即審計(jì)委員會和審計(jì)人員內(nèi)部控制不足之處的報(bào)告。本研究的目的是對兩個(gè)重要的管理代理人,以及審計(jì)委員會和審計(jì)員所出具的內(nèi)部控制缺陷報(bào)告要符合薩班斯法案 404 條款規(guī)定的實(shí)證研究。 假說發(fā)展 審計(jì)委員會在發(fā)展和維持良好內(nèi)部控制中的作用已被幾項(xiàng)研究所證實(shí)(英國零售商公會 1999,德族魯特, 1997 卡賽羅等, 2020)。 第一個(gè)特點(diǎn), 我們考慮的是審計(jì)委員會的規(guī)模。德福特等( 2020 年)用文件證明了審計(jì)