【正文】 curity collateral product innovation so as to change the status of financing for small and medium enterprises. 1， guarantee mortgage innovation. Collateral shortage is small and mediumsized enterprise biggest soft rib, they could not buy a heap of the house and then prepare for security, it is not realistic to hightech enterprise, as the core of assets should be their intellectual property rights, the patent right and one on the market in technology, creative team, is the most important asset, can make their annual growth, but the capital like the blood to support its development, as well as several pieces of the mortgaged property, but all need money to lend, bank. The small and mediumsized Banks are many provinces in the face of financial innovation of small and mediumsized enterprises, such as Jiangsu cooperatives experiment widely warehouse inventory impawn, through a mortgage loan product, Tianjin coastal rural mercial bank actively carry out enterprise shareholding pledge loan, Beijing bank recently launched intellectual property as a pledge from the bank for a loan. 2， credit rating innovation. Big Banks do business of time, usually see a balance sheet, an ine statement and a cash flow statement, small and mediumsized enterprises have even these three tables are not high, the bank information costs, zhejiang tyrone arisen, mercial Banks, they look for innovative water meter, customs declaration form, large, reduce cost, still can make small loans to earn enough money. Like shenzhen development bank, by focusing on their opponent39。通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展方式，不是單靠產(chǎn)量的擴(kuò)張，而是靠質(zhì)的提高實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)增加值的較快增長(zhǎng)。通過(guò)這樣的方式簡(jiǎn)化審批的流程。在對(duì)企業(yè)的信用評(píng)級(jí) 方法里邊，對(duì)企業(yè)自身的信用評(píng)級(jí)權(quán)重只有 15％，更加關(guān)注交易對(duì)手和交易的真實(shí)性。目前銀行業(yè)正在通過(guò)組織架構(gòu)創(chuàng)新，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理技術(shù)創(chuàng)新，擔(dān)保抵押創(chuàng)新，和產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新等多種途徑改變中小企業(yè)融資難的現(xiàn)狀。因此中小企業(yè)群體的差異化決定了企業(yè)融資需求的多元化，那么滿足中小企業(yè)融資需求也需要形式多樣的資金提供方式，比如銀行貸款、債券融資、股權(quán)融資等等。 3 、政府應(yīng)該多方面的對(duì)銀行進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償 , 目前各地出臺(tái)的利益補(bǔ)償機(jī)制和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償基金政策，僅僅是解決中小企業(yè)融資難的一種辦法，并不能從根本上解決。深圳擁有 3000 家創(chuàng)投公司，注冊(cè)資金達(dá) 6000 億，但沒(méi)有公司愿意投資給創(chuàng)業(yè)初期的企業(yè)。到 2020 年末，小企業(yè)不良貸款率是 %，高于整個(gè)銀行業(yè)七八個(gè)百分點(diǎn) , 像國(guó)有的大企業(yè)，一旦出了問(wèn)題，國(guó)家還會(huì)來(lái)并購(gòu)重組，解決一些貸款難的問(wèn)題，但是這些中小型的企業(yè)，特別小企業(yè)，一旦產(chǎn)生問(wèn)題破產(chǎn)的話，就沒(méi)人管，所以銀行的貸款質(zhì)量就沒(méi)有辦法得到保證，因此在這樣的經(jīng)營(yíng)體制下，銀行為降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，必然會(huì)要求中小企業(yè)在提供了足夠的抵押物后才敢放款。 自 0 8 年國(guó)際金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)以來(lái) , 我國(guó)實(shí)施了積極的財(cái)政政策和寬松的貨幣政策 , 但廣大中小企業(yè) 至今沒(méi)有從積極的財(cái)政政策和適度寬松的貨幣政策當(dāng)中直接受益 ,例如 08 年全國(guó)新增小企業(yè)貸款只有 225 億，比 去 年只增長(zhǎng)了 ％，可是全國(guó)的貸款增加了 ％， 09 年頭三個(gè)月全國(guó)的信貸規(guī)模總量增加了 4 .8 萬(wàn)億，其中給中小企業(yè)貸款增加的額度只占不到 5％。 二、中小企業(yè)融資難 的 原因分析 中小企業(yè)融資難、貸款難應(yīng)該說(shuō)也是一個(gè)世界性的難題，從我國(guó)看，既有體制機(jī)制問(wèn)題，也有中小企業(yè)自身的問(wèn)題，主要有三個(gè)方面的原因：第一個(gè)，中小企業(yè)自身的問(wèn)題 , 中小企業(yè)一般規(guī)模小，實(shí)力弱，它的信譽(yù)不是太高。第三個(gè)，中小企業(yè)融資渠道太窄，中小企業(yè)在資本市場(chǎng)上直接融資的途徑有證券市場(chǎng)、包括中小板和創(chuàng)業(yè)板；還有私募股權(quán)基金、產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金、創(chuàng)業(yè)投資基金、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資基金，以及債券市場(chǎng)等等。現(xiàn)在我國(guó)有大概一百多家村鎮(zhèn)銀行，村鎮(zhèn)銀行的成立對(duì)改善縣經(jīng)濟(jì)投資的瓶頸，包括改善中小企業(yè)和支持三農(nóng)發(fā)展將會(huì)起到非常重要的作用。例如凡是給中小企業(yè)貸款的，那么就根據(jù)銀行的貸款量，減少它的稅收，減少營(yíng)業(yè)稅、所得稅 。創(chuàng)辦板推出將為自主創(chuàng)新的企業(yè)提供有效的監(jiān)管機(jī)制，推動(dòng)一批中小企業(yè)邁上新的發(fā)展臺(tái)階。目前全國(guó)很多省份的中小銀行都開(kāi)展了面向中小企業(yè)的金融創(chuàng)新實(shí)驗(yàn)，如江蘇農(nóng) 信社廣泛推廣倉(cāng)單質(zhì)押，通過(guò)庫(kù)存產(chǎn)品作為抵押取得貸款；天津?yàn)I海農(nóng)村商業(yè)銀行積極開(kāi)展企業(yè)股權(quán)質(zhì)押貸款 。我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行大都是官辦的銀行，習(xí)慣在房子里坐等客戶，一筆貸款要審批一個(gè)月、三個(gè)月，這樣 一種管理、這樣一種審批效果是不可能適應(yīng)中小企業(yè)金融服務(wù)，也不可能來(lái)改善中小企業(yè)的融資困難。在機(jī)制建設(shè)以后就要有一批人能夠做這件事情，而且把它做得很好，這就要加強(qiáng)員工的培訓(xùn)，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)中小企業(yè)、微小企業(yè)貸款以及高新技術(shù)的中小企業(yè)的貸款工作的培訓(xùn)和交流的力度，加大整個(gè)產(chǎn)品應(yīng)變研發(fā)的力度，用新的激勵(lì)約束的辦法來(lái)培養(yǎng)一支專(zhuān)業(yè)的隊(duì)伍和新的服務(wù)文化。 Small and medium enterprises financing problems related to the analysis First， small and mediumsized enterprise financing status Reform and opening up, China for 30 years of small and mediumsized enterprises obtained a rapid development of enterprise, 99% of the small and mediumsized enterprises of our country more than 60% GDP contribution, tax over 50%, provides 70% of import and export trade and 80% of urban jobs. Small and mediumsized enterprises in our country is also an important power of independent innovation, 66% of invention patent, 82% of new product development of small and mediumsized enterprises, from small and mediumsized enterprises has bee the economic prosperity, expanding employment, adjusting structure, promote innovation and new industries of important strength. From 80 years since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, the implementation of the positive fiscal policy and looser moary policy, but no small and mediumsized enterprises from the proactive fiscal policy and moderate looser moary policy benefit directly, for instance, of the new 2020 225 million small loan only, more than the previous year, but rose % only the loans increased %, 09 year three months of national total credit increased 4 8 trillion, including loans to small and mediumsi