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施工項目的成本控制外文翻譯(存儲版)

2025-07-01 01:04上一頁面

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【正文】 tract, the project to create the budget revenue。 1) 首先分析出因施工條件、施工方案、材料價格變動引起的工序單價的變動,同時 收集采用新技術(shù)、新工藝、新材料的工序成本資料; 2) 其次對比主觀確定成本部分的工序單價,分析得出因制定方法不合理而導(dǎo)致的偏高或偏低的工序單價,同時積累書面資料,供日后制定同類項目成本計劃時使用; 3) 收集分包單位資料,并對分包商進行評價,擬定《合格分包商名錄》,供日后類似項目選擇分包商和制定分包成本時使用; 4) 匯總分包成本及責(zé)任成本數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)過分析篩選,供企業(yè)投標(biāo)報價時參考。項目部必須按照企業(yè)的要求,禁止外部單位以各種形式掛靠企業(yè)對外施工。所有的項目部,特別是以分包工程為主的項目部,必須指定專人負責(zé)合同管理,除能夠及時結(jié)算或者處理的事項外,其他的與外單位或個人的經(jīng)濟往來,技術(shù)、用工等事項,都必須簽訂正式的合同,不得以口頭形式約定。 3) 按照可控原則控制成本。 降低項目部虧損的對策 為遏制各種原因 導(dǎo)致 的工程項目虧損,按 照責(zé)任明確的要求,項目部的成本控制應(yīng)當(dāng)以項目部 責(zé)權(quán) 分別采取措施,對項目部能夠控制的費用,由項目部進行控制;而項目部無法控制的成本或虧損,則應(yīng)由企業(yè)采取措施予以控制。冬、雨季施工和風(fēng)沙施工天數(shù)的增加,將會使項目部增加各項費用。在虧損的項目部中,大多數(shù)項目部沒有合同管理的意識,對合同知識知之甚少,不理解合同的基本要素,導(dǎo)致合同管理混亂,企業(yè)遭受巨大經(jīng)濟損失。 3) 出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的質(zhì)量問題。 項目部虧損的原因分析 項目部作為建筑產(chǎn)品的直接生產(chǎn)者,既有按照合同和施工圖紙、規(guī)范自行組織施工的權(quán)力,但同時也受發(fā)包單位、設(shè)計單位、 業(yè)主 以及其他 相關(guān) 單位的影響和制約。 2) 加強項目成本控制是適應(yīng)市場競爭形勢,加強企業(yè)內(nèi)部管理工作的需要。在項目施工過程中,項目經(jīng)理部各部門、各班組在肩負成本控制責(zé)任的同時,享有成本控制的權(quán)力,同時項目經(jīng)理要對各部門、各班組在成本控制中的業(yè)績進行定期的檢查和考評,實行有獎有罰。項目成本的全過程控制要求成本控制工作要隨著 項目 進展的各個階段連續(xù)進行,既不能疏漏,又不能時緊時松,應(yīng)使施工項目成本自始至終置于有效的控制之下。 2 概述 施工 項目成本控制,指在成本發(fā)生和形成過程中,對生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營所消耗的人力、物資和費用開支,進行指導(dǎo)、監(jiān)督、調(diào)節(jié)和限制,及時預(yù)防、發(fā)現(xiàn)和糾正偏差從而把各項費用控制在計劃成本的預(yù)定目 標(biāo)之內(nèi),以 保障 企業(yè) 的 生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營效益。 3 施工企業(yè)成本控制原則 施工 企業(yè) 成本控制以項目成本控制為中心, 其 是企業(yè)成本管理的基礎(chǔ)和核心,項目經(jīng)理部在對施工項目進行成本控制時,必須遵循以下基本原則 : 1) 成本最低化原則。 3) 動態(tài)控制原則。只有 真正做好責(zé)、權(quán)、利相結(jié)合的成本控制,才能收到預(yù)期的效果。隨著鐵路企業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,建筑市場競爭越來越激 烈。另外,地質(zhì)和氣候的變化、設(shè)計的變更等客觀因素也會對項目部的施工產(chǎn)生重大影響,而上述所有因素均會影響到項目部的成本支出。虧損嚴(yán)重的項目部,幾乎全部存在比較嚴(yán)重質(zhì)量問題,從而導(dǎo)致返工、修復(fù)、推倒重來等重復(fù)施 工的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生,加大了工程成本。 客觀因素的影響是項目部總成本增加的一個方面 所謂客觀因素,是指項目部無法控制而又必須 完成 或必然出現(xiàn)的事情或現(xiàn)象,如發(fā)包單位、設(shè)計單位、企業(yè)在合同條款之外對項目部施工發(fā)出的有關(guān)指令,地質(zhì)和氣候的變化,設(shè)計的變更等。 3) 設(shè)計變更。 自行施工的項目部的成本控制措施 所謂自行施工的項目部,是指由企業(yè)直接組織內(nèi)部員工和農(nóng)民合同工、臨時工和勞務(wù)隊伍組成內(nèi)部施工隊、混編施工隊和勞務(wù)分包施工隊進行施工所組成的項目部。項目部對施工隊和員工,要按照成本的可控原則,分清項目部、施工隊和員工對各項成本的責(zé)任單價,包括工日單價、材料單價、機械臺班單價和單位、費率或定額。在合同履行過程中,要嚴(yán)格按照合同有關(guān)條款進行處理。任何項目部都不得讓外部單位以企業(yè)的名義承攬工程、驗工計價和結(jié)算工程款。 8 小結(jié) 施工項目成本控制是一項復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程。 Finance Ministry in charge of the project39。 2) Controllable cost of the project : the total cost of the scheme, apart from the uncontrollable costs other than the full cost, such as subcontracting costs, responsibility for the cost, onsite expenses. Controllable costs are focused on cost control, controllable cost of the project is planned prior to the mencement of the construction time, construction, construction design based on. Along with the progress of works and that will happen if the construction program improvement works to change, to build factors such as rising price changes. So for the cost of plans to conduct timely adjustment, the cost of the scheme is to ensure that the guidance and control, in the adjustment should pay more attention to analysis of the different factors changes to the original cost of the scheme is the extent of the effect. Conduct a cost analysis, improve enterprise cost management level after the end of construction According to the total cost of the scheme and controllable cost plan and the final actual cost parison analysis, cost analysis charts available in various forms, such as parative analysis not only to the total cost, but also to process cost analysis, but mainly to process analysis, process reached higher or lower cost reasons. 1) First analyze the conditions for the construction, Construction programs, materials price changes caused by changes in the unit price for the process, collecting the introduction of new technology, new techniques, and new materials processes cost information。 fatal accidents resulting in huge pension costs to be incurred, directly increasing costs, and may also affect sentiment reduce production efficiency. 6) Contract management confusion. the loss of the item, Most of the projects the Ministry failed contract management awareness, knowledge of the contract, and have little do not understand the basic elements of the contract, contract management led to confusion, enterprises suffered huge economic losses. The influence of objective factors of the project is to increase the total cost of a connection socalled objective factors Project Department is unable to control its own and must take place or because there are things or phenomena, such as contracting, design, enterprises in terms of the contract for the project outside the Ministry of Construction issued the directive, geological and climate changes, Design changes such. These factors for the emergence of the cost incurred, Project Department is not the objective to control costs. These factors are : 1) Costs. Some enterprises in order to gain access to a particular market in the qualifications, thereby meeting the quality of construction projects built on the premise that right to take the tender bid price is lower than the cost of bidding strategy for the final bidding process, in the operating strategy is bound to happen, but projects are concerned, no matter what steps are taken it will be difficult to make these projects profitable. 2) Geological and Climate changes. the geological conditions are inconsistent with the design, Projects will be forced to change the construction method, thus affecting the construction period, so that the total project costs. the same time will also cost breakdown of a larger change. Winter, Construction of the rainy season and the number of days of sandstorms construction increase, the Ministry will allow the project to increase various fees. 3) Design changes. various engineering design changes so that the project will cost changes affect the total project cost. For example, contracting unit to increase the number of extend or shorten the construction period. changes in construction plans and projects to impr
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