【正文】 twothirds its initial value over this segment. A characteristic feature of the construction that is being proposed in the present article is the presence of an energy dissipation chamber in which vortextype flow experiences an abrupt expansion and is rapidly transformed into axial flow if the discharge of flow from the tailrace tunnel is directed into the atmosphere. Equality of the centrifugal acceleration to the free fall acceleration is an essential condition for breakdown of the vortex structure of the flow in the tunnel. Once equality is achieved, the mass of water traveling along the roof of the tunnel caves in, and mixes easily with the air in the flow core. The transformation of vortexlike flow into axial flow that occurs here is acpanied by significant dissipation of energy. The rate of energy dissipation differs between the two versions that are being considered here (Fig. 8). In the case of a cylindrical initial segment, energy dissipation occurs smoothly, with only 60% of the initial energy of the flow dissipating over a distance of 15dw (Fig. 8a). In a system with a conical vortex generator and energy dissipation chamber behind the generator, 86% of the initial energy of the flow dissipates as it travels through this segment, CONCLUSIONS Application of the constructions ot vortex tunnel spillways that we have considered enable us to ensure effective dissipation of the excess kiic energy and overall reliability of the structure. The operating reliability of vortex spillways that are based on energy dissipation in the tailrace tunnel in accordance with the schemes that have been considered in the present article is confirmed by the fact that the pressure fluctuations and the intensity of the turbulence dissipate smoothly throughout the tunnel and by the fact that these quantities are low level at the point of discharge of the flow into the lower pond. The conditions imposed by the configuration of a vortex spillway that is part of a hydraulic project are of decisive importance in deciding which energy dissipation scheme to adopt. 。mamskii, and Tupolangskii hydraulic works based on different operating principles have now been pleted. These constructions may be divided into the following basic groups: vortextype (or socalled singlevortex type) spillways with smooth dissipation of the flow energy throughout the length of the tunnel when L r (60 80)hT or (60 80)dT (where dT and hT are the diameter and height of the tunnel。分布的靜態(tài)壓力的軸是幾乎相同的版本。在一個錐形的部 分 。在模型幾乎完全 封閉 的 空間。 為了滿足這一需要，塔什干水電局工作，與該 公司 的流體力學(xué)研究（現(xiàn)在中央水利學(xué)院，社會科學(xué)研究所的建設(shè)，發(fā)展經(jīng)濟學(xué)）幾種版本的溢洪道設(shè)計旨在消除的一個重要部分的能量范圍內(nèi)的流動 。此外，在實驗中使用的模型，有增加指出在角度的旋轉(zhuǎn)流動中的初始段的尾水隧洞為 不良影響， 排放減少 的內(nèi)容和空氣的混合物增加。 消能室。應(yīng)該指出的是，渦流節(jié)點設(shè)計 =空調(diào)機作用，哪里是問 是價值的幾何參數(shù)該渦流發(fā)生器需要維持所需的預(yù)旋流動。 最簡單的設(shè)計的渦的流動是一個節(jié)點，包括在建設(shè)一個渦流發(fā)生器（平面或平行船中體；參見。入口的設(shè)計是根據(jù) 設(shè)計規(guī)范。設(shè)計技術(shù)渦溢洪道已開發(fā)和出版了許多研究 [ 2， 7， 8 ]； 特別是，技術(shù)是目前可用于計算液壓阻力 的 路線和流動率 ， 渦旋式流量和壓力。一些結(jié)構(gòu)性的研究隧道溢洪道液壓等工程 rogunskii，泰瑞，tel39。水工建筑物， 29卷， 9號， 1995 旋 渦隧道溢洪道。另一方面，在危險的影響 下 ，高流量的流線型面下降超過長度 時， 最初的尾水 管 增加的壓力在墻上所造成的離心力的影響。渦旋式溢洪道光滑或加速 [ 7 ]能量耗散的整個長度的水管道是最簡單和最有前途的各類液壓結(jié)構(gòu)。 入口（入口段的形式，表面或地下輸）。 這是 負 責(zé)運輸能力和流動制度 基本的 條件。圖（圖 3）；這里是平均流量在一個圓形出口段的渦流節(jié)點）。橫截面面積的終端部分的尾水隧洞確定等效直徑 。因此，在 方案 的溢洪道在泰瑞水利工程（圖 1），百分壓的物理結(jié)構(gòu)是高達 15倍，而在開放模型建造一個 1 : 60規(guī)模，壓縮的 百分點 在 ，即，十分之一的價值發(fā)現(xiàn)的領(lǐng)域?？梢岳斫獾氖牵鲃勇适切枰捎锰厥獾谋Ｗo措施的流線型表面溢洪道 避免 氣蝕損傷 。這臺標記的大小取決于該 escapage放電和抵抗的溢流段位于一個較低的水平。一尾管圓柱起始段，自由區(qū)下游從 軸軸 ，而角旋轉(zhuǎn)流和軸向和周向流動率下降。在一個系統(tǒng)的一個錐形渦發(fā)生器和消能室后面的發(fā)電機， 86%的初始能量的流動消散 ，因為它穿過這段。s attention to essentially novel (., in terms of configuration and operating conditions) vortex spillways which utilize vortextype flows [1, 2, 3, 4]. On the one hand, these types of spillways make possible largescale dissipation of the kiic energy of the flow on the initial le