【正文】 of surveying and mapping units in the market, supplementary legal responsibilities. The amendment work has obtained support from the special mittee of the National People39。 國家測繪局的主要任務(wù)如下： 在測繪，為測繪事業(yè)，為測繪行業(yè)管理政策和技術(shù)標準的發(fā)展計 劃制定行政法規(guī)，依法監(jiān)督其實施。指導(dǎo)和監(jiān)督各類測繪成果的管理 全國測量標志的保護。 在中國的測繪單位，這些單位分布在 30 多個部委和國家局共 26萬測量師。 測繪市場管理條例“是根據(jù)國務(wù)院的評價。 同樣在各省，自治區(qū)，映射成為一個獨立的年度發(fā)展計劃的一部分。 18 中國第一個國家重力網(wǎng)成立于 1957 年 。 地理數(shù)據(jù)庫有超過 80 萬地名注冊。 報告期內(nèi)，國家測繪局改制的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位，并建立了一批數(shù)碼 19 產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)基地。 隨著計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展，地圖的制作方法已經(jīng)完全改變。 截至目前，已出版四卷：農(nóng)業(yè)地圖集， ATLA 國民經(jīng)濟，阿特拉斯 一般的地圖，國家自然地圖集。 國家測繪局正在努力建立地籍調(diào)查單位調(diào)查，地籍測量結(jié)果和質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢查資格的行 政系統(tǒng)。 八 、 研究與發(fā)展 21 在中國，測量和測繪的科研體系和科學(xué)和技術(shù)服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，已逐步建立了由科研機構(gòu)，高等院校和生產(chǎn)單位。國家測繪局，國務(wù)院秘書處共同開發(fā)中國政府的辦公自動化工具，被稱為國務(wù)院綜合狀況地理信息系統(tǒng)，這已成為一種特殊的軟件 平臺，使用等具體信息政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。 WTUSM，成立于 1956 年，是高等教育的主要機構(gòu)之一。 國家測繪局實施了“人才工程”，每年批出幾十作出了巨大貢獻的人士。 中國將繼續(xù)開門和改革政策。 1999 年 4 月，第五屆常設(shè)委員會會議和國際研討會上的 SDI 在北京舉行，來自亞洲和太平洋地區(qū)的許多國家的與會者。 在中國，超過 20 技術(shù)學(xué)校測繪課程。 中國的一些設(shè)計，如北斗和 MapGIS 地理信息系統(tǒng)軟件已應(yīng)用于 1： 1 米， 22 1:25 萬和 1:5 萬數(shù)據(jù)庫管理 和數(shù)字化測繪生產(chǎn)。 25 連續(xù)觀測站， 56個定期觀測站和 1000 個不規(guī)則觀測點組成的觀測網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 在過去三年中， GPS 和 DGPS 技術(shù)在水文圖表，和超過 100 個不同尺度的圖表和圖表 1000 多編譯的海岸線，新的港口和島嶼。 國家測繪局對地籍測繪，地籍圖格式已發(fā)出規(guī)例“，”地籍測繪手冊。 地圖出版社和教育部門共同進行了大量的學(xué)校地圖和地圖集。 該項目由四個部分組成：遙感數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)，基礎(chǔ)地理信息管理和服務(wù)體系，基礎(chǔ)地理信息生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，基礎(chǔ)地理信息數(shù)據(jù)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。 1:1萬數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立 ，是省級和地區(qū)局的主要任務(wù)。 四 、 框架的構(gòu)建 后設(shè)立的 1： 1 在 1990 年的國家數(shù)據(jù)庫，國家測繪局在 1998 年完成的全國 1:25 萬數(shù)據(jù)庫的建設(shè)。 于 1999 年完成數(shù)據(jù)處理。 為了促進地理數(shù)據(jù)的應(yīng)用程序，并建立數(shù)據(jù)共享機制，國家測繪局免費提供收取一組 14 個中央部門和 10 個省級政府地理數(shù)據(jù)。 為滿足社會主義市場經(jīng)濟和測繪技術(shù)的發(fā)展要求，國家測繪局于 1999 年開始，使測繪法修訂的準備工作。 組織國際合作與交流。 16 國家基本地理信息和數(shù)據(jù)管理，組織和指導(dǎo)的基礎(chǔ)地理信息的社會服務(wù) 。 一 、 組織結(jié)構(gòu) 國家測繪和中國（國家測繪局）測繪局測繪，成立于 1956 年的中國政府行政機構(gòu)。 guiding and supervising the management of various surveying and mapping results and the protection of surveying markers nationwide. 3 4. Formulating plans and technical standards for cadastral surveying and mapping, administering the verification of cadastral surveying and qualifications, and certifying cadastral surveying and mapping results. 5. According to law, administering the pilation of maps, examining maps to be published or presented to the public, administering the presentation of geographic names on maps. 6. Supervising and managing the national surveying and mapping budget and other earmarked funds. 7. Organizing international cooperation and exchanges. 8. Undertaking other missions assigned by the State Council and the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources. In each of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, there is a branch, either a provincial bureau or a regional office. In most of the cities and prefectures, surveying and mapping administrative offices have been established. The surveying and mapping units in China are distributed in over 30 ministries and state bureaus with total 260,000 surveyors. They may be divided into three parts: the SBSM system。 managing national surveying and mapping datum and surveying control systems。s Congress. In the past years, the State Council of China has promulgated a few regulations concerned with surveying and mapping such as the Regulations on Management of Surveying and Mapping Results, the Regulations on Map Compilation and Publication, the Regulations on the Protection of Surveying Markers. The Regulations on Management of Surveying and Mapping Market is now under appraisal in the State Council. The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping has worked out and published over 20 decisions and methods, such as the Provisional Methods on Surveying and Mapping Market Management, the Decisions on Surveying and Mapping Qualification. In provinces and autonomous regions, over 30 regulations on Surveying and Mapping Management and more than 40 rules have been issued. SBSM paid great attention to the issuing of the important geographic data, worked out the Decisions on Provisions and Applications of National 5 Fundamental Geographic Information, and licensed system for application of national fundamental geographic data. In order to promote the applications of geographic data and establish datasharing mechanism, SBSM offered free of charge a group of geographic data to 14 central government departments and over 10 provincial governments. The National Committee on Geographic Information has been established in Chinese Government, with the chairman from the State Commission of Development Planning, and SBSM representative as one of the vice chairmen. SBSM has set up the National Technical Committee on Standardization of Geographic Information with many ministries and state bureaus involved. Since 1997, the basic surveying and mapping became one of the important independent part in the National Economy and Social Development Annul Plan. Same in the provinces and autonomous regions, the mapping became an independent part of the annual development plan. SBSM and the Ministry of Finance have jointly worked out and published the Financial Rule for Mapping Units and the Financial Quotas for Mapping Production. III. GEODETIC NETWORK The 1985 height system of China was established in the middle of 1980s. Since 1991, SBSM, jointly with other agencies in China, have made the remeasurement of the firstorder leveling, with 241 leveling lines and 77 closing lops, and field results of 93,000 km. The data processing was pleted in 1999. The vertical datum in China is in Qingdao City, Shandong Province. 6 Through 7 years efforts, a national GPS work of China was