【正文】 e protection the reliability. The Tianjin University in 1993 proposed in view of the future Three Ges hydroelectric power station 500kv ultrahigh voltage multi return routes generatrix one kind of distributional generatrix protection principle, developed successfully this kind of equipment initially. Its principle is disperses the traditional central generatrix protection certain (with to protect generatrix to return way to be same) the generatrix protection unit, the dispersible attire is located in on various return routes protection screen, each protection unit joins with the puter work, each protection unit only inputs this return route the amperage, after transforms it the digital quantity, transmits through the puter work for other all return routes protection unit, each protection unit acts according to this return route the amperage and other all return routes amperage which obtains from the puter work, carries on the generatrix differential motion protection the putation, if the puted result proof is the generatrix interior breakdown then only jumps the book size return route circuit breaker, Breakdown generatrix isolation. When generatrix area breakdown, each protection unit all calculates for exterior breakdown does not act. This kind the distributional gener 9 atrix protection principle which realizes with the puter work, has the high reliability compared to the traditional central generatrix protection principle. Because if a protection unit receives the disturbance or the miscalculation when moves by mistake, only can wrongly jump the book size return route, cannot create causes the generatrix entire the malignant accident which excises, this regarding looks like the Three Ges power plant to have the ultrahigh voltage generatrix the system key position to be extremely important. By above may know, microputer protective device may enhance the protection performance and the reliability greatly, this is the microputer protection development inevitable trend. protections, control, survey, data munication integrations In realization relay protection puterizing with under the condition, the protective device is in fact a high performance, the multipurpose puter, is in an entire electrical power system puter work intelligent terminal. It may gain the electrical power system movement and breakdown any information and the data from the , also may protect the part which obtains it any information and the data transfer for the work control center or no matter what a terminal. Therefore, each microputer protective device not only may complete the relay protection function, moreover in does not have in the breakdown normal operation situation also to be possible to plete the survey, the control, the data munication function, that is realization protection, control, survey, data munication integration. At present, in order to survey, the protection and the control need, outdoor transformer substation all equipment, like the transformer, the line and so on the secondary voltage, the electric current all must use the control cable to direct to . Lays the massive control cable not only must massively invest, moreover makes the secondary circuit to be extremely plex. But if the above protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration puter installation, will install in outdoor transformer substation by the protection device nearby, by the protection device voltage, the amperage is changed into after this installment internal circulation the digital quantity, will deliver through the puter work, then might avoid the massive control cable. If takes the work with the optical fiber the transmission medium, but also may avoid the electronmagetic interference. Now the photoelectric current mutual inductor (ota) and the photovoltage mutual inductor (otv) in the research trial stage, future inevitably obtained the application in the electrical power system. In uses ota and in the otv situation, the protective device should place is apart from ota and the otv recent place, that is should place by the protection device nearby. Ota and the otv light signal inputs after this integration installment in and transforms the electrical signal, on the one hand serves as the protection the putation judgment。s to the 8039。 三 總結(jié) 建國以來，我國電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)經(jīng)歷了 4 個時代。 1992 年天津大學(xué)提出了保護(hù)、控制、測量、通信一體化問題，并研制了以 tms320c25 數(shù)字信號處理器 (dsp)為基礎(chǔ)的一個保護(hù)、控制、測量、數(shù)據(jù)通信一體化裝置。 4 目前，為了測量、保護(hù)和控制的需要，室外變電 站的所有設(shè)備，如變壓器、線路等的二次電壓、電流都必須用控制電纜引到主控室。其原理是將傳統(tǒng)的集中式母線保護(hù)分散成若干個 (與被保護(hù)母線的回路數(shù)相同 )母線保護(hù)單元，分散裝設(shè)在各回路保護(hù)屏上，各保護(hù)單元用計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)接起來，每個保護(hù)單元只輸入本回路的電流量，將其轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量后，通過計算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送給其它所有回路的保護(hù)單元，各保護(hù)單元根據(jù)本回路的電流量和從計 算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上獲得的其它所有回路的電流量，進(jìn)行母線差動保護(hù)的計算，如果計算結(jié)果證明是母線內(nèi)部故障則只跳開本回路斷路器，將故障的母線隔離。這就要求每個保護(hù)單元都能共享全系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行和故障信息的數(shù)據(jù)，各個保護(hù)單元與重合 閘裝置在分析這些信息和數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上協(xié)調(diào)動作，確保系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。但對如何更好地滿足電力系統(tǒng)要求，如何進(jìn)一步提高繼電保護(hù)的可靠性，如何取得更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益，尚須進(jìn)行具體深入的研究。在計算機(jī)保護(hù)發(fā)展初期，曾設(shè)想過用一臺小型計算機(jī)作成繼電保護(hù)裝置。華中理工大學(xué)研制的微機(jī)保護(hù)也是從 8位 cpu，發(fā)展到以工控機(jī)核心部分為基 礎(chǔ)的 32 位微機(jī)保護(hù)。南京電力自動化研究院研制的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)裝置也于 1991 年通過鑒定。 在此期間，從 70 年代中，基于集成運(yùn)算放大器的集成電路保護(hù)已開始研究。 建國后，我國繼電保護(hù)學(xué)科、繼電保護(hù)設(shè)計、繼電器制造工業(yè)和繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊伍從無到有，在大約 10 年的時間里走過了先進(jìn)國家半個世紀(jì)走過的道路。 50 年代，我國工程技術(shù)人員創(chuàng)造性地吸收、消化、掌握了 國外先進(jìn)的繼電保護(hù)設(shè)備性能和運(yùn)行技術(shù)，建成了一支具有深厚繼電保護(hù)理論造詣和豐富運(yùn)行經(jīng)驗的繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊伍，對全國繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊伍的建立和成長起了指導(dǎo)作用。到 80 年代末集成電路保護(hù)已形成完整系列，逐漸取代晶體管保護(hù)。天津大學(xué)與南京電力自動化設(shè)備廠合作研制的微機(jī)相電壓補(bǔ)償式方向高頻保 2 護(hù)，西安交通大學(xué)與許昌繼電器廠合作研制的