計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯---cadcam的應(yīng)用范圍(存儲(chǔ)版)
【正文】 狀合理的零件并制訂出先進(jìn)的加工方案，需要幾百小時(shí) 的設(shè)計(jì)和繪圖時(shí)間。 改進(jìn)了信息的存取方法。但是 CAD 系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)有了新的含義。這種集成特別需要，因?yàn)樵O(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程生成的幾何參數(shù)是在指定合適的制造過(guò)程和作業(yè)計(jì)劃時(shí)確定工藝過(guò)程所需要的基本設(shè)備之一。例如，將某 一生產(chǎn)周期所需物料預(yù)測(cè)數(shù)量減去庫(kù)存量，便可確定該物料的定貨量，許多喊有物料需求計(jì)劃（ MRP）系統(tǒng)軟件包可用于制訂作業(yè)計(jì)劃，控制庫(kù)存量以及車間生產(chǎn)控制。根據(jù) 產(chǎn)民設(shè)計(jì)和制造過(guò)程所必須完成的各項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，我們來(lái)描述 CAD/CAM 的作用范圍。 the increased demand far durable goods. This increased demand meant that manufacturing cauld no. longer be treated as a blacksmith trade, aIld the use af scientific study was emplayed in manufacturing analysis. Taylar pianeered studies in scientific ITlaI1agement in which methods far productian by both men and machines were studied. Taylar also condueted meatalcutting experiments at the Midvale Steel Campai1y that lasted 26 yeaIS and produced 400 tans af metal chips. The result af Taylar39。附 錄 1 英文原文 Scope of CAD/CAM Computeraided design is the use of puter systems to facilitate the creation, modification, analySIS, and optimization of a design. In this context the term puter system means a bination of hardware and software. Computeraided manufacturing is the use of a puter system to plan, manage, and control the opemtion of a manufacturing plant. An appreciation of the scope of CAD/CAM can be obtained by considering the stages that must be pleted in the design and manufacture of a product, as illustmted by the product cycle shown in Fig. 5 . 8. The inner loop of this figure in~ludes the various steps in the product cycle and the outer loop shows some of the functions of CAD/CAM superimposed on the product cycle . Based on market and customer requirements, a product is conceived, which may well be a modification of previous products. This product is then designed in detail, including any required design analysis, and drawings and parts lists are prepared. Subsequently, the various ponents and assemblies are planned for production, which involves the selection of sequences of processes and machine tools and the estimation of cycle times, together with the determination of process parameters, such as feeds and speedsCJJ. When the product is in production, scheduling and control of manufacture take place, and the order and timing of each manufacturing step for each ponent and assembly is detemnned to meet an overall manufacturing schedule. The actual manufacturing and control of product quality then takes place according to the schedule and the final products are delivered to the customers. Computerbased procedures have been or are being developed to facilitate each of these stages in the product cycle, and these are shown in the outer loop of Fig. 5 . 8. Computeraided design and drafting techniques have been developed. These allow a geometric model of the product and its ponents to be created in the puter. This model can tlIen be analyzed using specialized software packages, such as those for finite element stress analysis, mechanisms design, and so on. Subsequently, dmwings and parts lists can be produced with puteraided drafting software and plotters. Computeraided processplanning systems, including the prepamtion of NC programs, are available that produce work plans, estimates, and manufacturing instructions automatically from geometric descriptions of the ponents and assembliesCll ? r39。Ille majar result wa。本文中的計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)是指計(jì)算機(jī)的硬件和軟件的組合、計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造是利用計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)來(lái)規(guī)劃、管理和控制制造廠的加工過(guò)程。 要作出計(jì)劃和生產(chǎn)控制，需要獲取大量數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行許多比較簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。這就引出了計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造這一概念，其最終目標(biāo)就是無(wú)紙化工廠，在這方面已經(jīng)取得了許多成就但完全集成的 CIM 系統(tǒng)還沒(méi)有研制成功，由于產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和工藝規(guī)程設(shè)計(jì)在產(chǎn)平生產(chǎn)周期內(nèi)只進(jìn)行一次，所以他們最適合于集成。現(xiàn)在和過(guò)去一樣，CAD 的基礎(chǔ)仍是圖形特征或交互式圖形特征系統(tǒng)，而這些系統(tǒng)最初也就是用來(lái)完成這些功能。同樣，使用計(jì)算機(jī)輔助工程軟件，如有限元模型便可自動(dòng)地分析設(shè) 計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)特征。 CAD 數(shù)據(jù)也可用于工藝規(guī)程的自動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)。研究這些技術(shù)的兩大任務(wù)是福拉狄采克 .泰勒和亨利福特。福特研制成的
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