【正文】 且不說結(jié)構(gòu)，音韻，美感上的重建，單是詞語層面上的文化意蘊(yùn)就需瀆者精心研究和準(zhǔn)確傳達(dá)，而這也是譯詩成功的關(guān)鍵因素。對(duì)于原詩中的意象，下一譯本的變通處理顯得較為妥當(dāng)：Jade1ike weeping willow looks 1ike a beauty39。鮮嫩的枝條垂落下來，仿佛是閃著碧玉色澤的絲帶。在這種情況下，詩歌意象的轉(zhuǎn)換不應(yīng)局限于語言形式的對(duì)應(yīng)。s howl”，以擬人手法將原詩“草驚風(fēng)”譯成“grass shivers at the wind39。平明尋白羽， woods are black and a wind assail s the grasses，Yet the general tries night archery．And next morning he finds his white—plumed arrow，Pointed deep in the hard rock． 一一By Bynner 原詩記載的是飛將軍李廣的故事。漢語詩歌，尤其是中國(guó)古典漢語詩詞，素來追求“言外之意”。譯文一：A hundred mountains and no birds。中國(guó)古典詩詞之所以含蓄，洗練，自然綺麗，與譴詞用字有直接關(guān)系。詩歌被喻為“文學(xué)皇冠上的明珠”，其語言具有高度凝練，以少勝多的特點(diǎn)，引經(jīng)據(jù)典，文化色彩很濃。但是以出發(fā)語作為母語的詩人在創(chuàng)作時(shí)其意向讀者，通常不包括外國(guó)讀者，尤其不包括非本族語的讀者。顯然，不同語言和文化之間存在著很大的差異，差異越大，他們之間翻譯的難度就越大。第四篇：中國(guó)古典名著書名英譯中國(guó)古典名著書名英譯1．《三國(guó)演義》Three Kingdoms or Romance of The Three Kingdoms2．《水滸傳》The Water Margin or the Outlaws of the Marsh3．《西游記》Story of a Journey to the West or The Pilgriage to the West4．《紅樓夢(mèng)》A Dream in Red Mansions or A RedChamber Dream5．《聊齋志異》Strange Stories from a Scholar39。s aide化驗(yàn)員chemical analyst 化裝師makeup artist 畫師painter 會(huì)長(zhǎng) president 會(huì)計(jì)師[中] accountant 會(huì)計(jì)員[初] treasurer 機(jī)械師mechanic 記者[中] reporter 技師[初] technologist 技士[初] technician技術(shù)編輯[中] technical editor 技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)員[初] technical designer 技術(shù)員[初] technician 監(jiān)獄長(zhǎng) warden剪輯導(dǎo)演montage director 建筑師architect 講師instructor/lecturer 交換教授exchange professor 教練[中] coach 教授[正高] professor教授級(jí)高級(jí)工程師[正高] professor of engineering 教務(wù)主任dean of studies 教員[初] teacher 經(jīng)紀(jì)人broker經(jīng)濟(jì)參贊 economic counselor 經(jīng)濟(jì)師[中] economist 經(jīng)濟(jì)員[初] economic clerk 經(jīng)濟(jì)專員 economic attach233。full senior translator 副譯審（副高）associate professor of translation。以下為中國(guó)專業(yè)技術(shù)職稱英譯參考。中國(guó)職稱的29個(gè)系列中，有些系列國(guó)外也有，如高校教師。四要簡(jiǎn)短、明了，能用一兩個(gè)英文單詞譯出的，就不要譯成一長(zhǎng)串。s aid 主任技師(正高)full senior technologist 副主任技師(副高)associate senior technologist 主管技師(中)technologistincharge 技師(初)technologist 技士(初)technician 13．新聞系列高級(jí)編輯(正高)full senior editor 主任編輯(副高)associate senior editor 編輯(中)editor 助理編輯(初)assistant editor 編審(正高)professor of editorship。s assistant 顧問 adviser關(guān)務(wù)監(jiān)督[中] customs supervisor 關(guān)務(wù)員[初] customs clerk館員[中] librarian。舞蹈編劇choreographer 舞臺(tái)監(jiān)督stage manager 系主任director of department/dean of the faculty 縣長(zhǎng) chief executive, county government 限用報(bào)務(wù)員[初] special radioman鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)長(zhǎng) chief executive, township government香港特別行政區(qū)行政長(zhǎng)官 chief executive, Hong Kong special administrative region銷售部經(jīng)理 sales manager小學(xué)二級(jí)教師[初] secondgrade teacher(primary school)小學(xué)高級(jí)教師[中] senior teacher(primary school)小學(xué)三級(jí)教師[初] thirdgrade teacher(primary school)小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)headmaster, primary school 小學(xué)一級(jí)教師[初] firstgrade teacher(primary school)校董事會(huì)董事trustee, board of trustees 校對(duì)proofreader 新聞文化參贊 press and cultural counselor 學(xué)部主任division chairman 學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)dean of college 巡視員 inspector/monitor 牙科主治醫(yī)師 dentistincharge研究館員[正高] professor of archives science 研究館員[正高] professor of library science 研究館員[正高] professor of relics and museology研究實(shí)習(xí)員[初] research assistant 研究所所長(zhǎng)director, research institute 研究員[正高] professor, professor +學(xué)科研究員professor眼科主治醫(yī)師 oculistincharge 演員actor藥師[初] pharmacist藥士[初] assistant pharmacist 一等報(bào)務(wù)員[中] first radioman 一等電機(jī)員[中] first electrician 一等秘書 first secretary一級(jí)播音員[中] firstgrade announcer 一級(jí)飛行機(jī)械員[高] firstgrade flight engineer 一級(jí)飛行通信員[高] firstgrade flight radioman 一級(jí)飛行員[高] firstgrade pilot一級(jí)公證員[正高] firstgrade notary public 一級(jí)領(lǐng)航員[高] firstgrade navigator 一級(jí)律師[正高] firstgrade lawyer一級(jí)實(shí)習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師[中] firstgrade instructor 一級(jí)校對(duì)[中] firstgrade proofreader 一級(jí)演員 firstgrade actor 醫(yī)師[初] doctor醫(yī)士[初] assistant doctor 譯審[正高] full senior translator營(yíng)業(yè)部經(jīng)理 business manager 院士academician 政黨 political party政府機(jī)構(gòu) government organization 政務(wù)參贊 political counselor政治局常委 member, standing mittee of political bureau, the cpc 政治局委員 member, political bureau of the cpc central mittee 執(zhí)行董事 executive director 指導(dǎo)教師instructor 指揮conductor 制片人producer 質(zhì)檢員quality inspector 中共中央總書記 general secretary, the CPC central mittee 中國(guó)科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)president, Chinese academy of sciences 中華人民共和國(guó)主席/副主席 president/vice president, the People’sRepublic of China 中學(xué)二級(jí)教師[初] secondgrade teacher(secondary school)中學(xué)高級(jí)教師[副高] senior teacher(secondary school)中學(xué)三級(jí)教師[初] thirdgrade teacher(secondary school)中學(xué)校長(zhǎng)principal, secondary school 中學(xué)一級(jí)教師[中] firstgrade teacher(secondary school)中央委員 member, central mittee 主管護(hù)師[中] nurseincharge 主管技師[中] technologistincharge主管藥師[中] pharmacistincharge 主教練[高] chief coach主任編輯[副高] associate senior editor 主任播音員[副高] chief announcer 主任護(hù)師[正高] professor of nursing 主任記者[副高] associate s