【正文】
字符也就是文字符號(hào),是直接跟某種語言單位相聯(lián)系的符號(hào),如漢字的“字”和拼音文字的字母。這就是“中介語”,例如很多外語學(xué)習(xí)者在學(xué)到一定程度之后,雖然已經(jīng)可以用外語與外國(guó)人交流,但外國(guó)人會(huì)明顯地感覺到他的外語“不地道”,這是因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)者所用的“外語”只不過是較為高級(jí)的中介語。(2)比如漢語、藏語、壯語、傣語、苗語等是親屬語言。錯(cuò)選、多選或未選均無分。(2)從文化到語言這頭看,通過考察不同民族的社會(huì)歷史和文化傳統(tǒng),可以幫助了解不同語言的特點(diǎn)。(2)聲韻調(diào)分析法以聲母、韻母、聲調(diào)為基本分析單位,更關(guān)注音節(jié)內(nèi)部的結(jié)構(gòu)層次,按照這種分析法,漢語的音節(jié)可以分為聲母、韻母、聲調(diào)三個(gè)部分。(1)至少有三種意義,a他不能把某件事或某句話說得讓人滿意; b“不好”是他說出來的話;c由他來說不好。(1)語言是人類最重要的交際工具,語言的急劇變化會(huì)使社會(huì)的交際活動(dòng)難以順利進(jìn)行,這一性質(zhì)要求語言必須有一定的穩(wěn)因性。3[參考答案]舉例說明語言符號(hào)的離散特征和線性特征。具有親屬關(guān)系(歷史同源關(guān)系)的各個(gè)語言就是親屬語言歸屬為同一語系。(2)義項(xiàng)可以進(jìn)一步分析為一束更小的語義構(gòu)成成分的集合,這種由分析義項(xiàng)得到的語義特征叫做義素。錯(cuò)選、多選或未選均無分。組合規(guī)則實(shí)際是語法結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則。因此,語言和種族沒有必然聯(lián)系。五、分析題:飛 美 甜 B:機(jī) 滋滋 頭 C: 飛 機(jī) 美 甜 D: 滋滋 頭 [評(píng)分參考] 共12項(xiàng),每答對(duì)2項(xiàng)給1分。如漢語存在著北方方言、吳方言、客家方言、粵方言等不同的地域方言,在同一個(gè)地域方言內(nèi)部還存在著不同的社會(huì)方言,如老年人的話和青年人的話、知識(shí)分子的話和體力勞動(dòng)者的話。(3).音位總是屬于特定的語言或方言的,而不同的語言或方言卻可能具有相同的音素。35.(1)應(yīng)用語言學(xué)是研究語言學(xué)應(yīng)用問題的語言學(xué)分支學(xué)科。、有意識(shí)的管理、調(diào)整和改進(jìn)。38.舉例說明社會(huì)方言和地域方言的異同。四、簡(jiǎn)答題,如何理解文字的形、音、義三要素?????五、論述題??談?wù)勀愕目捶?。,前者是以___為最小書寫單位,后者以___為最小書寫單位。?)、阿爾泰語系、印歐語系、烏拉爾語系、南亞語系、印歐語系、馬來-波利尼西亞語系、南亞語系、南島語系、阿爾泰語系、印歐語系、南亞語系、南島語系、阿爾泰語系、印歐語系、阿非羅-亞細(xì)亞語系、南亞語系22() () () () () () () 四、簡(jiǎn)答題??? ? ?五、論述題。、___和___三種。()[t][d]的區(qū)別特征是清濁對(duì)立。]和[p]這兩個(gè)音素,在漢語中具有區(qū)別意義的作用,是對(duì)立關(guān)系,在英語中沒有區(qū)別意義的作用,是互補(bǔ)關(guān)系。(),聲帶是發(fā)音體。,也具有___、___、___、___四個(gè)要素。()五、簡(jiǎn)答題?。(),語言也離不開思維。()。、___、___三個(gè)方面。1 畫出樹形圖:The president thinks that he will ,07年的句子和06年的幾乎是換湯不換藥: 3 分析reference, sense 之間的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。s area and transferred to Broca39。) the course of time,the study of language has e to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies, such as sociology and [1] and dark[ ]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound binations, thus they are said to be inc________ r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concrete and rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian,with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the ing into contact of people with different cultures and different brain39。s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is specific to human order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second is know as language 、判斷說明題(本大題共10小題,每小題2分,共20分。s area, which determines the details of their form and appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the we hear something and try to prehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke39。三、判斷 of grammar occurs, so does elaboration or general types of speech acts share the same illocutionary point, but differ in of all languages are capable of producing and prehending an infinite set of is concerned with the abstract set if sounds in a language which allows us to distinguish meaning in the actual physical sounds we say and analyst collects samples of the language as it is used, not according to some views of how it should be is called the prescriptive term “l(fā)earning”, when used of language, refers to the gradual development of ability in a language by using it naturally in municative term “acquisition”, however, applied to a conscious process of accumulating knowledge of voca transcription is normally used by the phoneticians in their study of speech means what a linguistic form refers to in the real physical notion of context is essential to the semantic study of is both arbitrary and 、 the cognitive factors in child language the tree diagram for the following sentence to show its syntactic boy who was sleeping was the five types of are the possible causes of language change?五、評(píng)論Language is not an abstract construction of the learned, pr of the dictionarymakers, but is something arising out of the work, needs, ties, joys, affections, tastes, of long generations of humanity, and has its bases broad and low, close to the Whiteman Do you share your opinions with Walt Whiteman or not? What’s your understanding of language?第三篇:語言學(xué)試題范文《語言學(xué)概論》習(xí)題集麗水學(xué)院《語言學(xué)概論》課程組編習(xí)題一(第一章 語言與語言學(xué)/第二章 語言的構(gòu)造與機(jī)制)一、填空題,開始用歷史比較法研究語言,使語言學(xué)研究開始從其他學(xué)科中獨(dú)立出來。語言符號(hào)首先可以分為兩層,其底層是____,上層是_______,即符號(hào)和符號(hào)序列。(),所以是個(gè)人現(xiàn)象。(),共同發(fā)展。??,有何特殊性???六、論述題???從哪些方面來認(rèn)識(shí)??從哪些方面能看出來?,什么是聚合關(guān)系。,唇、舌頭、軟腭、小舌、聲帶等是能夠活動(dòng)的,叫做___發(fā)音器官,上齒、齒齦、硬腭等是不能活動(dòng)的,叫做___發(fā)音器官。()。(),是指發(fā)音時(shí)音素可以任意變化。()五、簡(jiǎn)答題?、字母、音標(biāo)有何區(qū)別???、ta、kuang中的a,是三個(gè)不同音素,卻是一個(gè)音位,為什么?六、論述題。、___、和___。?習(xí)題五(第九章 文字)一、填空題,是人類最重要的______工具。,絕大多數(shù)是從___字母分化派生出來的,它也是最早使用的字母,它是由_____人創(chuàng)造的。第四篇:語言學(xué)概論試題() ,都是前元音的一組是()A.[i, u] B.[a, ] C.[e,230。五、分析題(本大題共2小題,每小題6分,共12分)39.把下列漢語合成詞中所有的語素提取出來,分別填入A、B、C、D四項(xiàng)中: 飛機(jī)美滋滋甜頭A.自由語素:___________________________ B.黏著語素:___________________________ C.實(shí)義語素:___________________________ D.虛義語素:___________________________ 40.分析下列各組近義詞在非理性意義上的主要差別。語言規(guī)劃是指對(duì)語言的一種人為干預(yù),這種干預(yù)主要由政府或政府授權(quán)的機(jī)構(gòu)來實(shí)施。有廣義和狹義之分。如漢語普通話和法語都有[a] [具有不同的內(nèi)容。(2)從形成條件上看,社會(huì)方言是因社會(huì)的社會(huì)分化而導(dǎo)致的語言社群分化,地域方言是因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)的地域分化而導(dǎo)致的語言地域分化。“水泥”會(huì)使人聯(lián)想到這種東西加水?dāng)嚭秃笙笏?一樣的狀態(tài),“洋灰”會(huì)使人想到此物是一種外來的粉末狀的東西。(2)就語言的本質(zhì)來說,語言不是一種生理現(xiàn)象,也不是一種心理現(xiàn)象,而是一種社會(huì)現(xiàn)象。聚合規(guī)則是語法成分在線形序列某個(gè)位置上能夠相互替換出現(xiàn)的關(guān)系,包括構(gòu)形和詞類等問題。(A)(B) 、最容易分辨的最小語音單位是(D),不能用來區(qū)別意義的是(C)“慢”單念時(shí)讀[man],但“慢慢兒”卻有人讀做[maimar],前一音節(jié)的語流音變現(xiàn)象是(B)6.“奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)”這個(gè)詞包含的語素?cái)?shù)量是(C)“worker”中的“er”是(A)“兒”不屬于詞根語素(實(shí)義語素)的是(D)(D)(非基本語匯)最重要的來源是(C)(A) “單句”和“復(fù)句”,這種分類是(D) 13.“嚇?!焙汀翱謬槨痹诜抢硇砸饬x上的主要差別是(C) ,正確的一項(xiàng)是(C) ,采用比喻方式的一項(xiàng)是(D)A.“鎖”本指一種器具,后引申