外文翻譯---25年法國企業(yè)集團的發(fā)展成果和經(jīng)驗-免費閱讀
【正文】 結(jié)論 法國國家統(tǒng)計局和 更加普遍的 法國統(tǒng)計系統(tǒng) 擁有 在一定期限內(nèi)的 EG 投資 資料 ， 這樣就 為經(jīng)濟學(xué)家提供了很多個人數(shù)據(jù) 。即使財務(wù)結(jié)果 也 可以分析 ， 提供了 很多 技術(shù)問題。 Egs 是 移動 式裝置 ,而需要更換 的 原因 有以下幾個 :他們可以買、創(chuàng)造或銷售企業(yè) (全部或部分 ),他們擁有的企業(yè)也同樣可以通過兼并或分拆被 重組 。一個額外的話題 ,用戶應(yīng)該接受采訪了解企業(yè) 的 統(tǒng)計 ，給 正在發(fā)展的大 EGs 找新家。主要有三種類型的 統(tǒng)計 數(shù)據(jù) 是 可用 的 :股票市場 的 統(tǒng)計 ,然后顯示 出 很高的利潤率 ； 來自國民經(jīng)濟核算 的 統(tǒng)計 ,顯示 出非常有限 的 盈利能力 ； 來自商業(yè)統(tǒng)計 的 統(tǒng)計 , 提供一個不同于其他兩個盈利水平 的統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)?，F(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟信息目前卻是有限的 (只有就業(yè)和營業(yè)額是可得到的 )。在許多 EGs,內(nèi)部 商品的 流動數(shù)量或服務(wù) 金額 達到 合并銷售或購買 的一個重要 分。這些帳戶 是非 綜合 的。 集團的頭和 每一下屬其等級 (即集團直接子公司頭 本身級別為n,n + 1 為 一個公司的子公司 )，都要 從 當前金融聯(lián)系 集團 的 各 EG 組成 方面看 。 在 2020 年 ,約 有 24000 企業(yè) 被作為 調(diào)查 對象 。 一個由 統(tǒng)計學(xué)家 組成的研究 小組定義了 企業(yè)集團是 以 一群公司依賴于同樣的母公司 的企業(yè)聯(lián)合體 ,由 “ 子公司 ” 和 “ 母公司 ” 等組成。本科畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計） 外 文 翻 譯 原文： 25 Years of Enterprise Group Statistics in France Experienced Gained and Current Development Production Of Enterprise Groups Statistics 1 Financial links and delineation of Enterprise Groups: In the beginning of the 80s INSEE started to conduct a survey on capital links between corporations. A group of economists from inside and from outside INSEE had emphasized the role of enterprise groups (EG here after) in the economy, and the need to have reference statistics on them. Only private databases of consolidated accounts were providing information on the biggest EGs. Accounting rules on consolidation were not sufficiently uniform to be suitable for statistics. Therefore INSEE had to develop its own definition of an EG, and designed a survey to identify these groups. Statisticians have defined the statistical group as a group of corporations dependent on the same parent pany, giving a precise definition of the terms “dependent” and “parent pany.” The parent pany, called “group head,” is a corporation which is neither directly nor indirectly “controlled” by any other pany and which itself controls at least one other pany. The “core” of the group is the group head and the panies it controls directly or indirectly. “Control” is the ability of the group head to define the strategic orientations of the subsidiary. This control derives from the ownership of the equity capital, through the exercise of the voting rights which allow appointment of directorial bodies. Such a definition of control is a matter of “all or nothing”: one pany either controls another (if it owns directly or indirectly the absolute majority of voting rights) or it does not. The statistician will therefore define and measure the “control rate.” The financial links (LIFI) survey is an annual mandatory statistical survey of private corporations. It has existed since 1980. The enterprises surveyed meet at least one of the following criteria: total amount of equity interest greater than million euros , personnel in excess of 500 employees, turnover in excess of 30 million euros. In 2020, about 24 000 corporations were surveyed. In addition INSEE is in charge of updating the Administrative Register of Enterprises Under Majority Control of the State. Since 2020, INSEE has pleted the scope of the survey with another administrative source: the information published by French corporations to the mercial courts, which enpasses not only annual accounts but as well the names of shareholders. This source provides the financial links data for corporations below the thresholds of the LIFI survey. The collected information consists of: Identification characteristics of the corporation (administrative ID number, corporation name, address, activity, legal form, number of employees, total value of majority and minority interests). shareholders of the canvassed corporation: corporate name, address (at least nationality), and percentage of voting rights held by each shareholder (only for legal persons). position of the shares’ portfolio: for each subsidiary or affiliate, the corporation nam
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